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Mediastinal Lymphoma in 70 Dogs Treated With Lomustine or Anthracycline-Based Multi-Agent Chemotherapy
Diogo Machado1, Jose Alvarez Picornell2, Isabel Amores-Fuster2
1Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK.
Veterinary and Comparative Oncology
|March 31, 2026
Summary
Primary mediastinal lymphoma in dogs has a poor to fair prognosis despite multi-agent chemotherapy. Hypercalcaemia and chemotherapy-induced neutropenia were linked to longer progression-free survival in dogs with mediastinal lymphoma.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Oncology
- Canine Lymphoma Research
- Comparative Pathology
Background:
- Primary mediastinal lymphoma is a rare canine neoplasm with limited published data.
- Understanding its clinical presentation, treatment response, and prognostic factors is crucial for improving outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To describe the clinical presentation, treatment protocols, and outcomes for a large cohort of dogs with primary mediastinal lymphoma.
- To identify prognostic factors influencing survival, including chemotherapy regimens and specific immunophenotypes.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective multi-institutional study of 70 dogs with primary mediastinal lymphoma.
- Analysis of treatment outcomes with lomustine-based (LOP/LOPP) or anthracycline-based (CHOP/CEOP) chemotherapy.
- Evaluation of prognostic factors including immunophenotype, substage, and presence of hypercalcaemia.
Main Results:
- Most cases were T-cell lineage (95.6%), substage b (90%), with high rates of hypercalcaemia (69.1%).
- Chemotherapy achieved high clinical (92.7%) and objective (97.9%) response rates, with 76.6% complete responses.
- Median progression-free survival was 132 days and median overall survival was 223 days.
- Hypercalcaemia, chemotherapy-induced neutropenia, and CD4+/CD8- immunophenotype were associated with longer progression-free survival.
- Neutropenia at diagnosis correlated with shorter progression-free survival and overall survival, while chemotherapy-induced neutropenia improved overall survival.
- Granular morphology and CD4+/CD8+ immunophenotype were linked to shorter overall survival.
Conclusions:
- The prognosis for primary mediastinal lymphoma in dogs treated with multi-agent chemotherapy is poor to fair.
- Hypercalcaemia is associated with improved progression-free survival in dogs with T-cell lymphoma.
- Specific CD4/CD8 expression patterns hold prognostic significance in canine mediastinal lymphoma.
