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Related Concept Videos

Assessing Body Temperature - Temporal Artery01:19

Assessing Body Temperature - Temporal Artery

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Here is a stepwise guide to assessing the body temperature at the temporal artery using a temporal artery thermometer
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and don a fresh pair of gloves to prevent cross-infection and ensure patient safety.
Step 2: Explain the procedure to the patient to establish trust. Clear communication establishes trust with the patient, ensures they understand what to expect, promotes cooperation, and enhances comfort during the procedure.  
Step 3: Assess the patient's...
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Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature01:13

Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature

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Body temperature can be assessed using various devices and measured in Celsius or Fahrenheit.
Glass-bulb Thermometer:
Glass-bulb thermometers are hollow glass tubes with a bulb tip containing liquid such as ethanol or mercury. Historically, glass bulb mercury thermometers were the standard device to measure body temperature. Today, mercury thermometers are prohibited in many countries due to the hazardous effects of mercury and the risk of exposure if the glass bulb breaks. In general,...
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Assessing Body Temperature - Axilla01:14

Assessing Body Temperature - Axilla

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Procedural Guide for Assessing Axillary Body Temperature using a Digital Thermometer:
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and put on clean gloves to maintain infection control and prevent cross-contamination.
Step 2: Prepare the patient by explaining the procedure to ensure understanding and cooperation. Ensure privacy, expose the axilla, and inform the patient that minimal movement is crucial for an accurate reading.
Step 3: Adjust the patient’s clothing to expose only the axilla. It minimizes...
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Assessing Body Temperature - Tympanic membrane01:14

Assessing Body Temperature - Tympanic membrane

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Assessing tympanic membrane temperature involves using a tympanic membrane thermometer (TMT). Here is a step-by-step guide:
Step 1: Begin by practicing good hand hygiene to prevent the transmission of microorganisms.
Step 2: Turn on the thermometer and wait until the ready sign appears on the screen to ensure accurate measurement.
Step 3: Slide the probe cover in place to prevent cross-contamination.
Step 4: Instruct the patient to tilt their head to the side for comfort and check for cerumen...
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Thermosensation01:43

Thermosensation

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Peripheral thermosensation is the perception of external temperature. A change in temperature (on the surface of the skin and other tissues) is detected by a family of temperature-sensitive ion channels called Transient Receptor Potential, or TRP, receptors. These receptors are located on free nerve endings. Those detecting cold temperatures are closer to the surface of the skin than the nerve endings detecting warmth. These thermoTRP channels, while temperature selective, have relatively...
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Assessing Body Temperature - Rectal01:27

Assessing Body Temperature - Rectal

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Rectal temperature measurement is considered the most precise method for assessing core body temperature and typically registers higher than oral temperature. For adults, the rectal thermometer should be inserted 1 to 1.5 inches into the rectum to obtain the most accurate reading.
Follow these steps for rectal temperature assessment:
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and don clean gloves to prevent cross-infection.
Step 2: Position the patient in a side-lying position to better visualize the rectal...
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Updated: Apr 1, 2026

Fabrication and Characterization of a Conformal Skin-like Electronic System for Quantitative, Cutaneous Wound Management
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All-in-One Wearable Hydrogel Patch for Multimodal Visualized and Quantitative Heatstroke Monitoring.

Xinru Yang1, Yu Niu1, Ning Li1

  • 1College of Integrated Circuits, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China.

ACS Sensors
|March 31, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a self-powered wearable patch for real-time monitoring of body temperature and sweat electrolytes. This innovation offers a proactive approach to preventing heatstroke by providing continuous health insights.

Keywords:
all-in-one patchheatstroke monitoringmultimodal sensingsweat biomarkersthermogalvanic hydrogelvisual feedback

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science and Engineering
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Wearable Technology

Background:

  • Heat-related illnesses, such as heatstroke, present significant health risks, especially for vulnerable populations like outdoor workers and athletes.
  • Current monitoring methods are often invasive, require external power, and lack real-time, multimodal data, limiting their effectiveness in heatstroke prevention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an integrated, self-powered wearable patch for comprehensive, real-time monitoring of physiological parameters relevant to heatstroke risk.
  • To enable intuitive visual feedback and continuous analysis of body temperature and key sweat electrolytes (Na+, K+) for improved health management.

Main Methods:

  • Integration of a dual-functional, self-powered thermogalvanic hydrogel for thermoelectric sensing and thermochromic visualization of body temperature.
  • Incorporation of a selective electrochemical interface for continuous, non-invasive detection of sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) ions in sweat.
  • Development of a multiplexed physical-chemical patch for dual-stage health evaluation.

Main Results:

  • The wearable patch successfully demonstrated real-time thermochromic visualization and active thermoelectric sensing of body temperature.
  • Continuous and selective electrochemical detection of Na+ and K+ ions in sweat was achieved.
  • The patch provided a multimodal assessment of body temperature and sweat ion levels for metabolic status control and heatstroke risk alerts.

Conclusions:

  • The developed all-in-one wearable patch offers a promising solution for proactive heatstroke prevention through integrated physical-chemical health monitoring.
  • This technology holds potential for personalized healthcare applications and scalable strategies for mitigating heat-related illness risks.