Related Experiment Video
Updated: Apr 1, 2026

Targeted Next-generation Sequencing and Bioinformatics Pipeline to Evaluate Genetic Determinants of Constitutional Disease
Published on: April 4, 2018
Angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion gene polymorphism in children with nephrotic syndrome:
Ayman M Hammad1, Sohier Yahia2, Amany Shouma3
1Department of Paediatrics, Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University Children's Hospital, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
Purpose:
Detecting the genetic etiology of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) in different ethnic groups, especially in steroid-resistant subjects, is currently essential for individualized management, predicting prognosis, and family counseling. The angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) insertion (I)/deletion (D) gene polymorphism has been studied for its possible role in INS in different ethnic groups with conflicting results reported. This study was carried out to explore the possible role of ACE I/D polymorphism in disease susceptibility, steroid response, and outcome in Egyptian children with INS.
Subjects And Methods:
ACE gene I/D polymorphism genotypes and allele frequencies were explored in 86 children with INS versus 140 healthy controls using polymerase chain reaction and examined in different disease phenotypes and pathological variants.
Results:
Thirty-sex patients were steroid resistant, and 20 had focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). The DD genotype and D allele were significantly more frequent in patients compared to controls (P < 0.001 for both) and in steroid-resistant compared to steroid-sensitive subjects (P = 0.004 and 0.003, respectively). Furthermore, patients with FSGS displayed a higher rate of DD genotype (P = 0.04) compared to other pathological variants. DD genotype was also more frequent in patients with hypertension compared to non-hypertensive subjects (P = 0.03) and also in patients who progressed to renal impairment (P = 0.04).
Conclusion:
The ACE gene DD genotype and D allele can be considered as risk factors for INS susceptibility and significant phenotype modifiers regarding the presentation, pathology, response to steroids, and renal survival in Egyptian children.
More Related Videos
08:46Implementing Patch Clamp and Live Fluorescence Microscopy to Monitor Functional Properties of Freshly Isolated PKD Epithelium
Published on: September 1, 2015
07:38Functional Characterization of Na+/H+ Exchangers of Intracellular Compartments Using Proton-killing Selection to Express Them at the Plasma Membrane
Published on: March 30, 2015
Related Concept Videos
Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction
Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu
Nephrotic Syndrome II : Assessment and Medical Management
Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase
Pharmacogenetics of Phase II Enzymes: N-acetyltransferase, Thiopurine S-methyltransferase, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase
Principles of Pharmacogenetics: Types of Genetic Variants