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Related Experiment Video

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Neural circuits for decision-making based on pineal photoreception in zebrafish.

Seiji Wada1,2, Yuki Yamamoto1, Tomoka Saito1

  • 1Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|March 31, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Zebrafish pineal organs use parapinopsin 1 (PP1) for chromatic light responses. This study shows PP1 signals travel to the brain

Keywords:
opsinpineal organtwo-photon imaging

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Vision research
  • Sensory biology

Background:

  • Nonmammalian vertebrates have photosensitive pineal organs.
  • Zebrafish pineal photoreceptors express bistable parapinopsin 1 (PP1).
  • PP1 mediates chromatic responses to UV and visible light via photo-interconversion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if PP1-based chromatic responses transmit to pineal ganglion cells and the brain.
  • To investigate the neural circuit for PP1-mediated color vision.
  • To understand the role of PP1 in wavelength-dependent behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Developed spectral light stimuli targeting PP1 states.
  • Utilized calcium imaging to record pineal ganglion cell activity.
  • Compared responses in wild-type, PP1-deficient, and tegmentum-ablated zebrafish.
  • Observed vertical movement behavior under changing light conditions.

Main Results:

  • Pineal ganglion cells showed chromatic responses to UV and visible light.
  • PP1-deficient fish exhibited reduced chromatic responses in ganglion cells.
  • The tegmentum was identified as a brain region receiving PP1-derived color information.
  • Impaired vertical movements were observed in PP1-deficient and tegmentum-ablated fish.

Conclusions:

  • PP1-derived signals are transmitted to pineal ganglion cells, forming a neural circuit to the tegmentum.
  • This pineal-tegmentum pathway processes color information, influencing wavelength-dependent vertical behavior.
  • PP1-based color opponency integrates with retinal input for behavioral decision-making.