Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of PI Control01:27

Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of PI Control

478
Proportional-Integral (PI) controllers are essential in many control systems to improve stability and performance. They are commonly used in everyday devices like thermostats to enhance system damping and reduce steady-state error. When the zero in the controller's transfer function is optimally placed, the system benefits significantly in terms of stability and accuracy.
Acting as a low-pass filter, the PI controller slows the system's response and extends settling times. This requires...
478
Load-frequency control01:28

Load-frequency control

792
Load-frequency control (LFC) is vital for maintaining power system stability, ensuring that frequency and power flows remain within acceptable limits during load changes. Turbine-governor control eliminates rotor accelerations and decelerations following load changes. However, a steady-state frequency error persists when the change in the turbine-governor reference setting is zero. In an interconnected power system, each area agrees to export or import a scheduled amount of power through...
792
PID Controller01:19

PID Controller

945
Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controllers are widely used in various control systems to enhance stability and performance. In a thermostat, it adjusts heating or cooling based on the temperature difference between the actual and desired levels. They are often used in automotive speed systems, effectively managing sudden speed changes while maintaining a constant speed under varying conditions. On the other hand, PI controllers, commonly employed in voltage regulation, enhance stability...
945
Turbine-Governor Control01:17

Turbine-Governor Control

1.1K
Turbine-governor control is crucial for maintaining power system stability by balancing turbine mechanical power output with electrical load demand. This mechanism ensures that generator frequency and rotor speed are within acceptable limits during load variations. Turbine-generator units store kinetic energy due to their rotating masses; this energy is released to meet the load requirement when the load increases. The electrical torque of turbines rises to meet the demand, whereas the...
1.1K
Phase-lead and Phase-lag Controllers01:22

Phase-lead and Phase-lag Controllers

621
Understanding the working function of different types of controllers can be illustrated with practical analogies, such as adjusting a stereo's volume equalizer. Cranking up the bass involves a phase-lead controller, which functions as a high-pass filter, while increasing the treble uses a phase-lag controller, which acts as a low-pass filter. PD controllers, similar to high-pass filters, enhance the system's response to high-frequency components. PI controllers, akin to low-pass...
621
Frequency-Domain Interpretation of PD Control01:24

Frequency-Domain Interpretation of PD Control

419
Proportional-Derivative (PD) controllers are widely used in fan control systems to improve stability and performance. A fan control system can be effectively represented using a Bode plot to illustrate the impact of a PD controller through its transfer function. The Bode plot visually conveys how PD control modifies the fan's response across various frequencies, providing a frequency domain interpretation of the controller's behavior.
The proportional control gain, combined with the...
419

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Multi-objective sizing and performance optimization of islanded hybrid renewable microgrids: a case study in yanbu, Saudi Arabia.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Energy storage-enabled fractional-order virtual synchronous generator for DC-link voltage regulation in DC microgrid under load and renewable disturbances.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Highly effective sequestration of Ni(II) and Cr(III) ions from aqueous solution using foamed and non-foamed metakaolin based geopolymer.

Scientific reports·2025
Same author

An adaptive coordination control solution to boost frequency stability for a hybrid distributed generation system.

PloS one·2025
Same author

A robust PID controller based on linear quadratic gaussian approach for improving frequency stability of power systems considering renewables.

ISA transactions·2021

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 2, 2026

Experimental Investigation of the Hierarchical Control in DC Microgrids Using a Real-time Simulator
06:04

Experimental Investigation of the Hierarchical Control in DC Microgrids Using a Real-time Simulator

Published on: February 14, 2025

1.2K

Resilient virtual inertia strategy for frequency support of renewable-based microgrids using a variable structure

M A Abdelghany1, Gaber Magdy2,3, A M Abdel Ghany4

  • 1Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, October 6 University, Giza, Egypt.

Scientific Reports
|March 31, 2026
PubMed
Summary

A new variable structure fuzzy PID controller enhances frequency stability in low-inertia microgrids by providing robust virtual inertia support against renewable energy uncertainties and nonlinearities.

Keywords:
Frequency stabilityFuzzy logic controlMicrogridRenewable energyVariable structure controlVirtual inertia control

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 2, 2026

Experimental Investigation of the Hierarchical Control in DC Microgrids Using a Real-time Simulator
06:04

Experimental Investigation of the Hierarchical Control in DC Microgrids Using a Real-time Simulator

Published on: February 14, 2025

1.2K

Area of Science:

  • Electrical Engineering
  • Control Systems
  • Renewable Energy Integration

Background:

  • Low-inertia microgrids with high renewable energy source (RES) penetration face critical frequency stability challenges due to RES variability and lack of physical inertia.
  • Conventional virtual inertia control methods struggle with RES uncertainties and system nonlinearities, limiting their effectiveness in dynamic microgrid environments.
  • Variable structure fuzzy logic controllers for load frequency control in such systems are underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and evaluate a novel variable structure fuzzy proportional-integral-derivative (VSC-FPID) controller for virtual inertia support in low-inertia microgrids.
  • To assess the controller's performance under diverse loading scenarios, nonlinear conditions, and severe disturbances.
  • To demonstrate the VSC-FPID controller's superiority over conventional methods for frequency regulation.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a VSC-FPID controller for virtual inertia emulation in low-inertia microgrids.
  • Optimization of controller parameters using the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm.
  • Comparative simulation analysis in MATLAB against conventional PID and fuzzy-PID controllers.
  • Testing under various load conditions, RES uncertainties, and nonlinear system dynamics, including worst-case scenarios.

Main Results:

  • The VSC-FPID controller demonstrated superior robustness and effectiveness in regulating microgrid frequency compared to benchmark controllers.
  • Significant improvements in transient and steady-state performance were observed, including reductions in overshoot, undershoot, and settling time (up to 60%).
  • The controller maintained robust performance even under severe low-inertia conditions and simultaneous load and renewable disturbances.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed VSC-FPID controller offers an effective solution for enhancing frequency stability in renewable-dominated, low-inertia microgrids.
  • The controller's ability to manage RES uncertainties and system nonlinearities makes it highly suitable for dynamic microgrid applications.
  • This strategy significantly improves microgrid resilience and reliability, paving the way for higher RES integration.