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An Application for Pairing with Wearable Devices to Monitor Personal Health Status

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Risk Communication in Real Time: Examining Individuals' Smartphone Use During the 2021 Texas Winter Disaster With

Michelle Ng¹, Yikun Chi¹, Mu-Jung Cho²

¹Department of Communication, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.

Risk Analysis : an Official Publication of the Society for Risk Analysis

|April 1, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

During extreme weather events, individuals heavily rely on smartphones for risk communication, with most information accessed via social networks. This study reveals how people engage with vital disaster information through dynamic, social channels.

Keywords:

extreme weather longitudinal mobile sensing risk communication smartphone use

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Area of Science:

Communication
Human-Computer Interaction
Disaster Science

Background:

Effective risk communication is crucial for informed decision-making during extreme weather.
The digital information environment significantly alters how individuals consume and share risk information.
Limited understanding exists regarding the specifics of individual risk communication encounters during disasters.

Purpose of the Study:

To detail how individuals encounter risk communication during extreme weather events.
To analyze the sources, content, and timing of risk messages received by individuals.
To understand the role of smartphones in disseminating disaster-related information.

Main Methods:

Analysis of comprehensive smartphone content viewed by 11 adults over 5 days during a Texas winter storm.
Utilized mobile sensing to collect 162,418 screenshots of user-viewed content.
Categorized risk communication content and its sources within the participants' digital environment.

Main Results:

Risk communication constituted a significant portion (21%) of participants' smartphone usage during the disaster.
The majority of risk communication was accessed via social networks, particularly personal messaging (33%) and social media (22%) apps.
Risk messages evolved over time, including updates, advice, social support, sense-making, and humor.

Conclusions:

Individuals engage with risk communication during extreme weather in dynamic, heterogeneous, and socially embedded ways.
Social networks are primary conduits for risk information during acute weather events.
Findings offer new avenues for enhancing risk communication theory and practical applications in disaster preparedness.