Metastasis as a Multiorgan Disease: Toward Organ-Informed Precision Oncology

Anish Thomas1, Chirayu Mohindroo1, Yue Huang1

  • 1Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.

Cancer Discovery
|April 1, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Cancer cells change significantly when they spread to new organs. An organ-informed approach to precision oncology can improve cancer treatment by considering these changes.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Cancer Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Metastasis is a complex, multiorgan process.
  • Disseminated cancer cells undergo significant reprogramming.
  • This reprogramming impacts cancer cell identity and vulnerabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose an organ-informed precision oncology framework.
  • To integrate site-specific cancer cell reprogramming into treatment strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of cancer cell reprogramming during metastasis.
  • Review of current precision oncology approaches.

Main Results:

  • Cancer cell reprogramming is tissue-specific.
  • Site-imposed programs influence therapeutic responses.

Conclusions:

  • An organ-informed framework is crucial for effective precision oncology.
  • Integrating site-specific adaptations can enhance treatment design for metastatic cancer.