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Teeth

Teeth

The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin...

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Author Spotlight: 3D Movement Assessment of Maxillary Posterior Teeth in Clear Aligner Treatment

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Does Lip Change Following Premolar Extraction Differ in Patients with High and Normal Vertical Growth Patterns?

Buket Erdem¹, Ece Başal², Büşra Emir³

¹İstanbul Health and Technology University Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics, İstanbul, Türkiye.

Turkish Journal of Orthodontics

|April 1, 2026

Summary

Incisor retraction affects lip repositioning differently based on vertical growth patterns. High vertical pattern patients show greater upper lip retraction, influencing treatment outcomes.

Keywords:

Orthodontic extraction labiomental fold lip strain mandibular growth pattern soft tissue profile

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Area of Science:

Orthodontics
Cephalometric analysis
Soft tissue changes

Background:

Understanding soft tissue changes is crucial in orthodontic treatment planning.
Vertical growth patterns significantly influence facial aesthetics and treatment outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the relationship between incisor retraction and lip repositioning in high vertical (HVP) and normal vertical (NVP) growth patterns.
To assess the influence of vertical growth patterns on soft tissue changes after extraction treatments.

Main Methods:

Analysis of pre- and post-treatment lateral cephalograms of 79 patients who underwent premolar extractions.
Classification of patients into HVP (FMA >30°) and NVP (22° < FMA ≤30°) groups.
Measurement of horizontal and vertical lip changes, labiomental fold, and lip strain, assessing correlations with incisor movements.

Main Results:

Greater upper lip retraction observed in the HVP group (2.86 mm) compared to the NVP group (1.97 mm).
Significant decrease in upper lip height and strain in both groups, more pronounced in HVP for strain.
Strong correlation between incisor retraction and upper lip changes in both groups; also with lower lip and labiomental fold in NVP group.

Conclusions:

Soft tissue response to incisor retraction is influenced by vertical growth patterns.
Greater upper lip retraction in HVP patients necessitates consideration of vertical growth patterns for optimal soft tissue outcomes.