The CsFT-FD complex controls flowering by regulating CsAP1 and CsLFY in saffron

Area of Science:

• Plant Molecular Biology
• Crop Science
• Genetics

Background:

• Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) is a valuable medicinal and economic crop, with flowering time directly impacting yield.
• The molecular mechanisms regulating saffron flowering remain largely uncharacterized.

Purpose of the Study:

• To identify and characterize the molecular regulators of flowering in saffron.
• To elucidate the role of the CsFT3-like-FD-AP1/LFY module in saffron flowering.

Main Methods:

• Transcriptomic analysis to identify key genes.
• DAP-seq and dual-luciferase assays to confirm gene targets and regulation.
• Ectopic expression in Arabidopsis to validate gene function.

Main Results:

• A CsFT3-like-FD-AP1/LFY module was identified as crucial for saffron flowering.
• CsAPETALA1 (CsAP1) and CsLEAFY (CsLFY) were confirmed as direct targets of the CsFT3-like-FD complex.
• Overexpression of CsAP1 or CsLFY accelerated flowering in Arabidopsis, with CsAP1 also affecting floral organ development.

Conclusions:

• The CsFT3-like-FD-AP1/LFY regulatory module plays an essential role in controlling flowering in saffron.
• These findings provide novel insights into flowering regulation in non-model monocot plants.