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Related Concept Videos

X-ray Imaging01:24

X-ray Imaging

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German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with...
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Tomography refers to imaging by sections. Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays to reveal minute details about structures in the body.
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The most common cardiovascular diagnostic test is an X-ray. It produces images of the heart, blood vessels, and adjacent structures.
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Phase-Contrast Microscopes
In-phase-contrast microscopes, interference between light directly passing through a cell and light refracted by cellular components is used to create high-contrast, high-resolution images without staining. It is the oldest and simplest type of microscope that creates an image by altering the wavelengths of light rays passing through the specimen. Altered wavelength paths are created using an annular stop in the condenser. The annular stop produces a hollow cone of...
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DefinitionComputed Tomography (CT) of the genitourinary (GU) tract is a non-invasive imaging modality that utilizes X-rays and computer processing to generate detailed cross-sectional images of the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and adjacent structures such as the adrenal glands.PurposeCT scans of the GU tract serve several diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Diseases: Detects kidney stones, tumors, cysts, and congenital...
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Calcium-Scoring CT ScanA calcium-scoring CT scan, also known as coronary artery calcium (CAC) scan, detects calcium deposits in the coronary arteries. This test assesses the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), which can lead to cardiovascular events such as angina, heart failure, and sudden cardiac arrest.A calcium-scoring CT scan is generally recommended for individuals at intermediate risk of CAD without symptoms. It includes:Men aged 40-75 and women aged 50-75: Especially those with a...
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Measurement of X-ray Beam Coherence along Multiple Directions Using 2-D Checkerboard Phase Grating
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Confidence map for multi-gradient-based X-ray phase-contrast imaging: a probabilistic error classification approach.

Mouad Saliji, Adrien Stolidi, Jérôme Primot

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    This summary is machine-generated.

    X-ray phase-contrast imaging artifacts are identified using a new probabilistic method. This approach generates error probability maps, improving the reliability assessment of phase images from X-ray imaging techniques.

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    Area of Science:

    • Medical Imaging
    • Physics
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • X-ray phase-contrast imaging (XPCi) offers enhanced sensitivity for material characterization.
    • Recovered phase images can contain artifacts due to noise and undersampling, necessitating reliability assessment.
    • Previous methods like Confidence Maps visually highlighted artifacts but lacked quantitative probabilistic information.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce a novel probabilistic method for classifying phase errors in X-ray phase-contrast imaging.
    • To develop alert maps indicating regions of unreliable phase extraction.
    • To provide actionable guidance for optimizing XPCi acquisition and processing.

    Main Methods:

    • Phase gradients from multi-gradient XPCi were used to calculate local phase-derivative closure.
    • Closure deviations were converted into per-pixel error probabilities using a probabilistic model.
    • Alert maps were generated to visualize regions with potential phase extraction unreliability.

    Main Results:

    • The probabilistic method successfully converted closure deviations into pixel-wise error probabilities.
    • Generated alert maps effectively highlighted regions where recovered phase was unreliable.
    • The approach demonstrated practicality and accuracy in localizing artifacts in a carbon composite sample.

    Conclusions:

    • The Probabilistic Phase Error Classification offers a quantitative and interpretable method for assessing XPCi reliability.
    • Alert maps provide crucial insights into phase extraction trustworthiness, guiding experimental design and data processing.
    • This technique enhances the utility of X-ray phase-contrast imaging by improving artifact localization and reliability assessment.