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3 × 3 model for drug use normalisation: Insights from a scoping review.

Daniëlle T P Ketelaars1, Alexandra J Karl1, Maartje Luijten2

  • 1Novadic-Kentron, Network for Addiction Treatment Services, PO Box 243, 5260 AE Vught, the Netherlands.

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Summary

This review defines drug use normalisation as a dynamic, multidimensional process impacting accessibility, prevalence, and legitimacy across societal, contextual, and individual levels. A new model operationalises this concept for clearer measurement and policy development.

Keywords:
Drug useDrug use normalisationNormalisationRecreational Drug UseScoping reviewSubstance useillicit drugs

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Area of Science:

  • Social Sciences
  • Public Health
  • Substance Use Research

Background:

  • Drug use normalisation has evolved conceptually, yet lacks a unified definition and operationalised measures.
  • Previous research offered partial perspectives, necessitating a comprehensive and contemporary approach.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed model offers a comprehensive operationalisation of drug use normalisation.
  • This model enhances conceptual clarity and supports consistent measurement.
  • It provides a foundation for future research, monitoring, prevention, and policymaking in substance use.