Bacillus subtilis Spore-Displayed Aminopeptidase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa Efficiently Degrades Pyrethroid...

Pyrethroid insecticides are extensively applied owing to their potent insecticidal activity and low mammalian toxicity, yet their hydrophobicity results in persistent environmental residues. Here, we engineered a Bacillus subtilis spore surface display system to anchor Pseudomonas aeruginosa aminopeptidase (PaAps) on the spore coat and evaluated its potential for pyrethroid degradation. Surface-anchored PaAps efficiently degraded various pyrethroids, with β-cypermethrin showing the highest removal. The enzyme exhibited remarkable thermal stability and pH tolerance, with optimal activity at 60 °C and pH 8.0, along with enhanced long-term storage stability. Soil microcosm studies revealed that PaAps not only accelerated β-cypermethrin degradation but also influenced the indigenous microbial community to enhance bioremediation. This study demonstrates a robust and environmentally sustainable biocatalytic strategy for pyrethroid detoxification, with promising applications in environmental remediation and food safety.