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  3. Adhd-like Traits Reshape The Balance Between Inhibitory Control And Predictive Processes.
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  3. Adhd-like Traits Reshape The Balance Between Inhibitory Control And Predictive Processes.

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ADHD-Like Traits Reshape the Balance Between Inhibitory Control and Predictive Processes.

Karolina Horváth1, Bianka Brezóczki2,3,4, Adrienn Holczer1

  • 1Gran Canaria Cognitive Research Center, Atlántico Medio University, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.

Journal of Attention Disorders
|April 2, 2026

View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) traits impact the balance between response inhibition and statistical learning. Higher ADHD traits weaken inhibition, initially boosting learning, but this benefit decreases with symptom severity.

Keywords:
ADHDcognitive controlcognitive trade-offspectrum approachstatistical learning

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Adaptive behavior requires balancing flexible control and automatic processes.
  • Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) disrupts this balance, often linked to response inhibition deficits.
  • The role of statistical learning and its interaction with inhibition in ADHD traits is underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how ADHD-like traits modulate the interplay between response inhibition and statistical learning.
  • To examine this interaction in a non-clinical university student sample.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a novel experimental paradigm.
  • Assessed response inhibition and statistical learning.
  • Correlated ADHD-like trait levels with performance on these tasks in 226 university students.

Main Results:

  • Higher ADHD-like traits correlated with poorer response inhibition.
  • An antagonistic relationship was found: weaker inhibition initially enhanced statistical learning.
  • This learning advantage diminished significantly with increasing ADHD symptom severity.

Conclusions:

  • ADHD-like traits affect the dynamic interaction between neurocognitive processes, not just isolated functions.
  • A spectrum-based mechanism may explain the shift from adaptive variability to maladaptive behaviors.
  • Advocates for a dimensional approach to ADHD, supporting early detection and intervention across symptom levels.