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Effectiveness of Multifactorial and Exercise Programs in Preventing Falls Among Older Adults: A Systematic Review and
Yuan Luo1, Yiqun Miao1, Yuhan Zhao1
1School of Nursing, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing
|April 2, 2026
Summary
Multifactorial interventions and exercise programs can prevent falls in older adults. Environment modification and combined exercise components show promise, while traditional methods need updating for better fall prevention.
Area of Science:
- Gerontology
- Public Health
- Evidence-Based Medicine
Background:
- Falls are a significant threat to older adults' health and independence.
- Existing fall prevention strategies include multifactorial and exercise-based programs.
- The effectiveness of individual components within these programs requires further elucidation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare multifactorial and exercise programs for fall prevention in older adults.
- To evaluate the individual and combined effects of key intervention components.
- To identify optimal strategies for reducing fall risk and related injuries.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review and component network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
- Searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science up to February 2025.
- Assessed risk of bias using the Cochrane tool and analyzed component efficacy.
Main Results:
- Traditional health education and medication management may increase fall and fracture risk.
- Environment modification significantly reduced fracture risk (iRR: 0.56).
- Combined interventions (risk assessment, advice, exercise, environment modification) reduced fall risk; gait and balance training reduced recurrent fall risk (iRR: 0.58).
Conclusions:
- Environment modification is crucial for reducing fracture risk in older adults.
- A holistic approach combining risk assessment, advice, exercise, and environmental modifications is effective for fall prevention.
- Future research should optimize exercise component combinations, particularly gait/balance with strength/resistance training.
