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Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Beyond Diagnosis: Transdiagnostic Cognitive Subgroups in Mood Disorders Linked to Work-Related Disability.

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Cognitive subtypes exist in mood disorders, independent of diagnosis. Identifying these groups can personalize treatments and improve patient outcomes.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Cognitive dysfunction is a common feature across mood disorders like major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD).
  • Cognitive deficits significantly impact functional outcomes in these patient populations.
  • Identifying distinct cognitive patterns is crucial for developing targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify transdiagnostic cognitive heterogeneity in mood disorders using a data-driven approach.
  • To examine the association between identified cognitive subtypes and social functioning.
  • To lay the groundwork for personalized treatment strategies in mood disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of neurocognitive test data from 264 patients with MDD or BD, matched for age and sex.
  • Unsupervised K-means clustering to identify cognitive subgroups based on executive function, memory, attention, and processing speed.
  • Assessment of functional impairment using the Sheehan Disability Scale.

Main Results:

  • Cluster analysis revealed two distinct cognitive subtypes: a higher-performance group (n=200) and a lower-performance group (n=64), with significant differences in cognitive function.
  • Both MDD and BD patients were represented in similar proportions within each cluster, indicating transdiagnostic patterns.
  • The lower-performance cognitive subtype exhibited significantly greater work-related and overall functional impairments.

Conclusions:

  • Unsupervised clustering successfully identified cognitive subgroups in mood disorders that are independent of specific diagnostic labels (MDD vs. BD).
  • Cognitive phenotyping offers a promising avenue for tailoring treatment strategies, such as cognitive remediation or neuromodulation.
  • This approach can help identify at-risk individuals and improve functional outcomes in mood disorder patients.