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Updated: Apr 3, 2026

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What Constitutes Risk of Future Maltreatment Among Young Mothers? An Examination of Child Protection Investigations

Bryn King1, Barbara Fallon2, Ami Goulden3

  • 1PhD, assistant professor, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Families in Society : the Journal of Contemporary Human Services
|April 2, 2026
PubMed

Despite younger maternal age being a risk factor for child welfare involvement, the literature on decision making once young mothers are investigated for child protection concerns is limited. This article examines characteristics and decision making related to investigating workers' determinations that young children of adolescent and young adult mothers are at risk of future maltreatment. Using a provincially representative data set, this study found that children of young mothers were more likely to be deemed at risk of future maltreatment than those of adult mothers, and this assessment was also related to more intensive child welfare involvement. Among young mothers, a risk determination was strongly associated with maternal mental health concerns and socioeconomic circumstances. Practice and policy shifts should address the need for timely and effective material and emotional supports.

Keywords:
adolescent motherschild maltreatmentchild welfare systemmental healthyoung adult mothers

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