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Cells Coordinate Growth and Proliferation

Cells Coordinate Growth and Proliferation

Cell size is a significant factor impacting cellular design, function, and fitness. There exists some internal coordination by which cells double their masses before division, thus, achieving homeostasis. Coordination between cell growth and proliferation depends on the checkpoints in between cell cycle phases. Loss of coordination or failure in the checkpoint mechanism can drive the cell to uncontrolled growth and loss of cellular function. Like dividing cells that coordinate cellular growth,...

Cells Coordinate Growth and Proliferation

Cells Coordinate Growth and Proliferation

Cell size is a significant factor impacting cellular design, function, and fitness. There exists some internal coordination by which cells double their masses before division, thus, achieving homeostasis. Coordination between cell growth and proliferation depends on the checkpoints in between cell cycle phases. Loss of coordination or failure in the checkpoint mechanism can drive the cell to uncontrolled growth and loss of cellular function. Like dividing cells that coordinate cellular growth,...

Cell Migration

Cell Migration

Cell migration is a process by which the cells move from one location to another, playing an essential role in embryological development, repair and regeneration, immune response, and metastasis. Cells migrate in response to chemical or mechanical signals generated by specific organs or tissues. The overall mechanism includes three steps - polarization, protrusion, and release. Polarization involves the formation of a distinct cell front and rear, which determines the direction of movement.

Cell Migration

Cell Migration

Cell migration, the process by which cells move from one location to another, is essential for the proper development and viability of organisms throughout their life. When cells are not able to migrate properly to their ordained locations, various disorders may occur. For example, disruption in cell migration causes chronic inflammatory diseases such as arthritis.

Determining the Plane of Cell Division

Determining the Plane of Cell Division

Positioning the cell division plane is a critical step during development and cell differentiation, particularly during mitosis when the plane is essential for determining the size of the two daughter cells. The cell division plane is perpendicular to the plane of chromosome segregation, but different types of organisms have different cell division mechanisms to suit their morphology and function.
Animal cells
In animal cells, the cleavage furrow forms along the plane of cell division starting...

Determining the Plane of Cell Division

Determining the Plane of Cell Division

Positioning the cell division plane is a critical step during development and cell differentiation, particularly during mitosis when the plane is essential for determining the size of the two daughter cells. The cell division plane is perpendicular to the plane of chromosome segregation, but different types of organisms have different cell division mechanisms to suit their morphology and function.
Animal cells
In animal cells, the cleavage furrow forms along the plane of cell division starting...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

In Situ Visualization of Axon Growth and Growth Cone Dynamics in Acute Ex Vivo Embryonic Brain Slice Cultures

In Situ Visualization of Axon Growth and Growth Cone Dynamics in Acute Ex Vivo Embryonic Brain Slice Cultures

Published on: October 14, 2021

Transient cell states encode positional information to direct asymmetric growth.

Travis A Lee^1,2, Kamonkan Gamnerdsiri¹, Natanella Illouz-Eliaz¹

¹Plant Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology

|June 4, 2026

Summary

Transient cell states in plants encode positional information, guiding asymmetric tissue growth. A key regulator, GATA TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 2 (GATA2), integrates cues to control cell elongation and organ shape.

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Axon Stretch Growth: The Mechanotransduction of Neuronal Growth

Axon Stretch Growth: The Mechanotransduction of Neuronal Growth

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 5, 2026

In Situ Visualization of Axon Growth and Growth Cone Dynamics in Acute Ex Vivo Embryonic Brain Slice Cultures

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Published on: October 14, 2021

Live Imaging Followed by Single Cell Tracking to Monitor Cell Biology and the Lineage Progression of Multiple Neural Populations

Live Imaging Followed by Single Cell Tracking to Monitor Cell Biology and the Lineage Progression of Multiple Neural Populations

Published on: December 16, 2017

Axon Stretch Growth: The Mechanotransduction of Neuronal Growth

Axon Stretch Growth: The Mechanotransduction of Neuronal Growth

Published on: August 10, 2011

Area of Science:

Developmental biology
Plant biology
Cellular biology

Background:

Understanding how tissues achieve asymmetric growth from localized signals is a key challenge.
Plants utilize spatial and temporal cues for development, but the mechanisms are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of transient cell states in plant asymmetric growth.
To identify molecular regulators of growth divergence in plant organs.

Main Methods:

Spatial single-cell transcriptomics and multi-omics analysis.
Gene regulatory network analysis.
Functional perturbation studies.

Main Results:

Identified a complex landscape of transient cell states in the plant apical hook.
Discovered a novel cell population in the apical hypocotyl integrating developmental and hormonal signals.
Established GATA TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 2 (GATA2) as a key regulator promoting cell elongation via gibberellin signaling.

Conclusions:

Transient cell states act as regulatory hubs, converting positional information into divergent growth programs.
Dynamic cellular states are crucial for shaping plant organ morphology.