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The Association Between Migraine and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Narrative Review
Faraidoon Haghdoost1, Abdul Salam1,2,3, Anthony Rodgers1
1The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, Australia.
International Journal of Preventive Medicine
|April 2, 2026
Summary
The link between migraine and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is complex and varies with age. Further research is needed to fully understand this association in migraine patients.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Endocrinology
- Public Health
Background:
- Migraine is a common neurological disorder with significant societal impact.
- The relationship between migraine and metabolic disorders like type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) requires clarification.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review and summarize existing literature on the association between migraine and T2DM.
- To explore potential underlying mechanisms connecting these two conditions.
Main Methods:
- A systematic review of studies examining the migraine-T2DM link.
- Included study designs: cross-sectional (6), case-control (1), and cohort (4).
- Descriptive summarization of findings and discussion of potential biological pathways.
Main Results:
- The association between migraine and T2DM is mixed, with studies reporting positive, inverse, or no significant correlation.
- An age-related trend was observed: a positive association in younger individuals and a negative association in older individuals.
- Potential mechanisms include diabetes-related lifestyle changes, impaired vasodilation, neuropathy, and reduced calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) levels.
Conclusions:
- The association between migraine and T2DM is not straightforward and appears to be influenced by age.
- High-quality, long-term cohort studies are necessary to definitively establish the nature and strength of this relationship.
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