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Related Concept Videos

Principles of Disease Surveillance01:26

Principles of Disease Surveillance

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Disease surveillance is the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice. This process integrates data dissemination to entities responsible for preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability. Surveillance systems provide crucial information for action, helping public health authorities make informed decisions to manage and prevent outbreaks, ensure public safety, optimize...
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Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures01:22

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Essential infection prevention measures are based on the knowledge of the infection chain, the modes of transmission in healthcare settings, and the use of the best practices in all healthcare settings. Compulsory public reporting of healthcare-associated infection rates is needed to allow individuals and the community to make informed choices regarding selecting a healthcare facility.
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Pneumonia V: Nursing management and Prevention01:30

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Nursing management of pneumonia involves promoting airway patency, facilitating rest and conserving energy, encouraging fluid intake, maintaining nutrition, and educating patients.
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Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment01:30

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Pneumonia IV: Management01:28

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The treatment of pneumonia varies based on its severity and the causative pathogen. Here is a structured approach to managing pneumonia, integrating pharmaceutical and supportive care strategies.
Bacterial Pneumonia Treatment
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Atypical Pneumonia01:14

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Atypical pneumonia, often caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, is a form of pulmonary infection that differs from the classical presentation of bacterial pneumonia in both its cause and clinical symptoms. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a pleomorphic bacterium notable for its lack of a rigid cell wall. This structural characteristic imparts resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics and significantly influences the bacterium’s behavior within the human host.Other pathogens responsible for the disease...
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Following in Real Time the Impact of Pneumococcal Virulence Factors in an Acute Mouse Pneumonia Model Using Bioluminescent Bacteria
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Invasive pneumococcal disease surveillance in Canada, 2023.

Alyssa Golden1, Averil Griffith1, Brigitte Lefebvre2

  • 1National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB.

Canada Communicable Disease Report = Releve Des Maladies Transmissibles Au Canada
|April 2, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) cases in Canada returned to pre-pandemic levels in 2023. Surveillance shows increasing prevalence of key serotypes and rising antimicrobial resistance, highlighting the need for ongoing monitoring and vaccine evaluation.

Keywords:
CanadaIPDPCV15PCV20Streptococcus pneumoniaeV116antimicrobial resistancepneumococcusserotypesurveillance

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Disease Epidemiology
  • Microbiology
  • Public Health Surveillance

Background:

  • Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, has been a nationally notifiable disease in Canada since 2000.
  • This report details the 2023 surveillance data for IPD in Canada, focusing on demographics, serotypes, and antimicrobial resistance patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the epidemiological characteristics, prevalent serotypes, and antimicrobial resistance profiles of IPD isolates in Canada for 2023.
  • To assess trends in IPD incidence and serotype distribution compared to previous years, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • To inform public health strategies and vaccine recommendations based on current surveillance findings.

Main Methods:

  • National surveillance of IPD isolates collected in Canada during 2023.
  • Utilized whole genome sequencing to determine serotypes and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for antimicrobial susceptibility testing.
  • Collaborative effort between the Public Health Agency of Canada's National Microbiology Laboratory and provincial/territorial public health laboratories.

Main Results:

  • The incidence of IPD increased to 10.2 cases per 100,000 population in 2022, with 4,760 isolates collected in 2023.
  • The most common serotypes were 3 (12.3%), 4 (12.2%), 22F (8.2%), and 9V (7.1%). Serotypes 4 and 9V showed significant increases in prevalence since 2019.
  • Antimicrobial resistance was highest for clarithromycin (25.8%), doxycycline (17.5%), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (15.9%). Multidrug resistance increased from 8.4% in 2019 to 13.2% in 2023.

Conclusions:

  • The 2023 IPD case count signifies a return to pre-pandemic disease activity levels.
  • Several serotypes targeted by current and upcoming conjugate vaccines (e.g., 3, 4, 9V) are common or increasing in prevalence.
  • Continued national surveillance is crucial for evaluating vaccine effectiveness and guiding the integration of new pneumococcal vaccine formulations into Canadian immunization schedules.