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Musculoskeletal Disorders in Surgeons: A Systematic Review on Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Mitigation Strategies.

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Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) affect over 70% of surgeons due to occupational hazards like static posture and prolonged procedures. Addressing system design flaws in surgical environments is crucial for surgeon well-being and healthcare quality.

Keywords:
musculoskeletal disorderphysician burnoutsurgeon fatiguesurgical ergonomics

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Area of Science:

  • Occupational Health
  • Surgical Ergonomics
  • Musculoskeletal Disorders

Background:

  • Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are prevalent among surgeons, with rates over 70-90% across specialties.
  • Symptoms include neck, back, and shoulder pain, and fatigue, especially in laparoscopic and robotic surgery.
  • Risk factors encompass static posture, repetitive motions, prolonged procedures, and suboptimal operating room ergonomics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the prevalence, risk factors, and mitigation strategies for MSDs in surgeons.
  • To advocate for a systemic approach to surgeon fatigue and well-being.
  • To highlight the impact of MSDs on surgeon retention and healthcare quality.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of literature on surgeon MSDs.
  • Analysis of risk factors including posture, procedure type, and surgical environment.
  • Evaluation of ergonomic interventions and behavioral strategies.

Main Results:

  • High prevalence of MSDs (70-90%) linked to occupational hazards in surgery.
  • Female surgeons and residents face elevated risks due to equipment and workload factors.
  • Poor operating room ergonomics and instrument design exacerbate physical strain.

Conclusions:

  • Ergonomic training, optimized OR design, and supportive hardware are key mitigation strategies.
  • Behavioral interventions like microbreaks and stretching can reduce fatigue and enhance endurance.
  • Integrating ergonomics into surgical education and policy is vital for surgeon well-being and healthcare quality.