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Development and validation of the LGBTQ+ People of Color Microaggressions Scale-2 (LGBTQ+ PCMS-2)
Kiet D Huynh1, Kimberly Balsam2, Roberto L Abreu3
1Department of Psychology, University of North Texas.
Objectives:
This study introduces the LGBTQ+ People of Color Microaggressions Scale-2 (LGBTQ+ PCMS-2), a multidimensional measure of intersectional microaggressions for LGBTQ+ people of color.
Method:
The scale was developed using a mixed methods approach that included a qualitative phase (N = 12) to develop the scale items and a quantitative phase (N = 605) to validate the items.
Results:
Psychometric analyses showed that the LGBTQ+ PCMS-2 comprises seven subscales. Results supported this scale's structural, convergent, discriminant, and criterion validity.
Conclusions:
The LGBTQ+ PCMS-2 can better account for mental health problems when tested against the current leading measure of intersectional microaggressions. Three key strengths of the LGBTQ+ PCMS-2 include the following: (a) It is the only intersectional microaggressions measure currently available to include all three forms of microaggressions faced by LGBTQ+ people of color (racism, heterosexism, and cissexism), (b) it introduces three novel domains of intersectional microaggressions, and (c) it has evidence supporting its wide applicability for LGBTQ+ people of color with diverse racial/ethnic identities, sexual identities, gender identities, and ages. The additions of these features make the LGBTQ+ PCMS-2 the most comprehensive and widely applicable measure of intersectional microaggressions to date. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).
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