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The Retina

The Retina

The retina is a layer of nervous tissue at the back of the eye that transduces light into neural signals. This process, called phototransduction, is carried out by rod and cone photoreceptor cells in the back of the retina.

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category,...

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Updated: Apr 4, 2026

Methodology for Biomimetic Chemical Neuromodulation of Rat Retinas with the Neurotransmitter Glutamate In Vitro

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Published on: December 19, 2017

Retina-Inspired Bi-Based Terahertz Photonic Neuromorphic Devices.

Pujing Zhang¹, Donggang Xie², Longyu Shi¹

¹Key Laboratory of Terahertz Optoelectronics, Ministry of Education and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Theory and Technology, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing, P. R. China.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)

|April 2, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed bismuth-based terahertz (THz) photonic devices to mimic the human retina. These devices offer precise control over synaptic weights, enabling high-accuracy neuromorphic computing for advanced visual systems.

Keywords:

2D material neuromorphic device terahertz van der waals heterojunction

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience and Photonics
Bionic Systems and Neuromorphic Computing

Background:

The human retina is vital for visual processing, and emulating its function in bionic devices is a key goal.
Current terahertz (THz) devices face challenges in regulating synaptic weights for neuromorphic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose and construct bismuth-based THz photonic neuromorphic devices that emulate retinal function.
To address the bottleneck in synaptic weight regulation for THz neuromorphic devices.

Main Methods:

Development of bismuth-based THz photonic devices exhibiting picosecond short-term plasticity.
Construction of a terahertz-optical neural network (THz-ONN) to imitate retina function.
Regulation of THz photoresponse (synaptic weight) using incremental optical pulses.

Main Results:

Achieved precise and continuous regulation of synaptic weights via optical pulses.
Demonstrated high recognition accuracy in neuromorphic computing using the THz-ONN.
Showcased picosecond short-term plasticity in the proposed devices.

Conclusions:

The study presents a novel approach for realizing THz neuromorphic devices with variable plasticity.
The developed THz-ONN successfully mimics biological retina function with high accuracy.
This work opens new avenues for bionic sensory systems and THz neuromorphic computing.