A review on hemostatic materials: Past, present and future developments.

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Surgical Innovation
• Wound Management

Background:

• Hemostatic materials are vital for controlling bleeding in diverse medical settings, yet current options have limitations.
• The development of safe, effective, and user-friendly hemostatic agents is a significant clinical need.
• Numerous hemostatic agents, including inorganic, biobased, peptide, protein, synthetic polymers, and hybrid systems, have been developed.

Purpose of the Study:

• To comprehensively review hemostatic materials, covering their classifications, mechanisms, and market landscape.
• To analyze recent advancements, research developments, and commercial products in hemostasis.
• To discuss key challenges and future trends in the field of hemostatic materials.

Main Methods:

• Material classification based on composition (inorganic, biobased, synthetic, hybrid).
• Morphological classification including nanofibers, gels, sponges, dressings, powders, and injectable solutions.
• Review of mechanisms of action, characterization techniques, and market status.

Main Results:

• Hemostatic materials are engineered into various functional forms to meet specific clinical needs.
• Performance metrics like clotting time and blood loss, alongside properties such as biocompatibility and biodegradability, are critical evaluation factors.
• The review synthesizes information on commercial products and ongoing research developments.

Conclusions:

• Continued innovation in hemostatic materials is essential to overcome existing limitations and enhance patient outcomes.
• Understanding material properties, performance metrics, and market trends is key to advancing hemostatic technology.
• Future research should focus on developing materials with improved efficacy, safety, and user-friendliness.