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Related Concept Videos

Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Intermittent IV Infusions01:24

Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Intermittent IV Infusions

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Intermittent intravenous (IV) infusion is a method of drug administration where medications are delivered over short infusion periods followed by intervals of no drug delivery. This approach helps to prevent sustained high drug concentrations in the bloodstream, reducing the risk of adverse effects associated with prolonged exposure. Unlike continuous infusion, steady-state concentrations may not be achieved during a single dosing cycle but can be reached through repeated...
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One-Compartment Model: IV Infusion01:09

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Intravenous (IV) infusion is often utilized when continuous and controlled drug delivery is necessary, such as during surgery or in the treatment of chronic diseases. This method offers numerous advantages, including immediate drug action, precise control over dosage, and bypassing the first-pass metabolism.
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A two-compartment model is a vital tool in pharmacokinetics, providing an essential understanding of drug behavior, especially for those administered via zero-order intravenous infusion. This model outlines two compartments: the central compartment, where elimination occurs, and the peripheral compartment.
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Parenteral drug delivery systems play a crucial role in modern therapeutics by enabling the direct administration of drugs into the systemic circulation, bypassing the gastrointestinal tract. These systems are particularly valuable for poorly absorbed oral medications that are unstable in the digestive environment or require rapid onset or sustained therapeutic levels. Delivery is achieved through intravenous, intramuscular, or subcutaneous routes, each selected based on the drug's properties...
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The development of extended-release formulations has facilitated the transition from intravenous to oral medication, offering a more convenient and patient-friendly approach to drug administration. This transition, however, requires careful management to ensure that therapeutic drug levels are maintained, preserving efficacy and avoiding adverse effects. Understanding pharmacokinetic principles and dosage calculations is critical during this process.Pharmacokinetics of the...
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PK–PD modeling has significantly influenced FDA regulatory decisions, particularly drug approval, dosage optimization, and labeling. These models integrate pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) to predict drug behavior and effects, aiding in optimizing dosing regimens and enhancing the probability of clinical trial success.One notable example is Nesiritide (Natrecor®), a recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide for treating acute decompensated congestive heart failure...
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Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital
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Infusion Pump Interoperability and Resulting Alert Reduction: Multisystem Findings.

Jeannine W C Blake1

  • 1Author Affiliations: Elaine Marieb College of Nursing, Elaine Marieb Center for Nursing and Engineering Innovation, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts.

Journal of Nursing Care Quality
|April 3, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Integrating electronic health records with IV smart pumps significantly reduces medication errors and alert burden for nurses. This interoperability enhances patient safety by minimizing programming mistakes.

Keywords:
alert fatiguehealth information interoperabilityintravenous administrationintravenous infusionsmedication errors

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Area of Science:

  • Health Informatics
  • Patient Safety
  • Clinical Pharmacy

Background:

  • Intravenous medication errors present substantial patient safety risks.
  • Limited adoption of electronic health record (EHR) interoperability with IV smart pumps contributes to these risks.
  • Interoperability can decrease nursing workload and programming errors, a frequent cause of IV medication errors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the effect of interoperability on programming alerts in diverse health systems.
  • To evaluate the impact of a standardized implementation process and IV smart pump vendor.

Main Methods:

  • A pre-post retrospective study design was employed.
  • Data were analyzed from 22 clinical sites across 5 health systems and 1 control system.
  • EHRs from Epic and Cerner were utilized, examining alert rates, edits, overrides, and potential overdose/underdose events.

Main Results:

  • Interoperability led to a significant decrease in programming alerts, edits, and overrides.
  • Potentially averted overdose events were also reduced.
  • The greatest reduction in alerts was observed for intermittently dosed medications, while titrated medications showed no change.

Conclusions:

  • Interoperability between EHRs and IV smart pumps enhances the safety of IV medication administration.
  • This integration effectively reduces the alert burden experienced by nursing staff.