The Association Between Metabolic Syndrome and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Area of Science:

• Urology
• Metabolic Health
• Clinical Research

Background:

• Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common condition in aging men.
• Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is increasingly recognized as a systemic inflammatory condition.
• The relationship between MetS and BPH clinical parameters requires systematic evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically evaluate the association between MetS and BPH clinical parameters.
• To assess International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), prostate volume (PV), and MetS prevalence in BPH patients.
• To synthesize current evidence on the metabolic-urological interplay in BPH.

Main Methods:

• Systematic literature search of major databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library).
• Inclusion of observational studies comparing BPH patients with and without MetS.
• Application of random-effects models for meta-analysis of IPSS, PV, and MetS prevalence.

Main Results:

• MetS was associated with significantly larger prostate volume (PV) in BPH patients.
• A trend towards higher International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) was observed in BPH patients with MetS.
• High prevalence of MetS was found among BPH patients, with significant heterogeneity.
• Age, sample size, and publication year influenced heterogeneity in meta-regression analyses.

Conclusions:

• Metabolic syndrome is closely associated with prostate enlargement and symptom burden in men with BPH.
• Findings underscore the metabolic-urological interplay, supporting integrated metabolic assessment in BPH management.
• Further large-scale prospective studies are warranted to establish causality and explore metabolic interventions for BPH.