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Prevalence and Risk Factors for Survival in Dogs and Cats With Cancer Admitted to the ICU
Clara Mattavelli1, Alexandra Guillén1, Karen Humm1
1Department of Clinical Science and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, The University of London, Hatfield, UK.
Summary
Cancer is common in ICU pets, with high mortality. Oncologic ICU admission increases death risk, while surgery, chemotherapy, and normal albumin in dogs improve survival.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Medicine
- Oncology
- Critical Care
Background:
- Cancer is a significant health concern in companion animals.
- Intensive care unit (ICU) admissions for cancer patients present unique challenges.
- Understanding survival factors in oncology patients admitted to the ICU is crucial for improving outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To characterize the population of dogs and cats with cancer admitted to the ICU.
- To identify risk factors associated with survival in these patients.
Main Methods:
- Prospective, observational cohort study conducted at a veterinary referral teaching hospital.
- Inclusion of 114 dogs and 38 cats admitted to the ICU between December 2022 and September 2023.
- Collection of data on reason for admission, clinicopathologic variables, diagnostic imaging, treatments, and survival outcomes.
Main Results:
- Cancer prevalence in the ICU population was 13.6%.
- Hematologic neoplasia was most common in cats, while carcinoma was most frequent in dogs.
- Survival to discharge was 56.6%, and 30.6% at 90 days postdischarge.
- Oncologic ICU admission significantly increased the hazard of death (HR: 6.06).
- Surgical treatment (HR: 0.21), chemotherapy (HR: 0.40), and normal albumin in dogs (HR: 0.44) were associated with reduced hazard of death.
Conclusions:
- Cancer is a prevalent condition among ICU admissions in veterinary teaching hospitals.
- Mortality rates for cancer patients in the ICU are high, with euthanasia being a common outcome.
- Factors such as surgical intervention, chemotherapy, and specific biomarkers like albumin influence survival in oncologic ICU patients.
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