Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Real-World Application of Classical Conditioning01:15

Real-World Application of Classical Conditioning

2.3K
Classical conditioning not only includes the initial pairing of stimuli but also extends to more complex forms, such as higher-order conditioning. Higher-order conditioning involves creating associations beyond the primary conditioned stimulus, resulting in a chain of conditioned responses.
Higher-order, or second-order, conditioning occurs when a neutral stimulus becomes associated with an already established conditioned stimulus through repeated pairings. For instance, if a dog has been...
2.3K
Classical Conditioning in Daily Life01:17

Classical Conditioning in Daily Life

2.8K
Classical conditioning, a fundamental principle of associative learning, explains various phenomena observed in daily life, such as fear development, the placebo effect, taste aversion, and drug habituation. These applications demonstrate the profound impact of associative learning on human behavior and physiological responses.
John B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner famously demonstrated the development of fear through classical conditioning in their experiment with Little Albert. They paired the...
2.8K
Associative Learning01:27

Associative Learning

1.9K
Associative learning is a fundamental concept in behavioral psychology, wherein a connection is established between two stimuli or events, leading to a learned response. This process is critical in understanding how behaviors are acquired and modified. Conditioning, the mechanism through which associations are formed, can be divided into two main types: classical conditioning and operant conditioning, each elucidating different aspects of associative learning.
Classical conditioning, also known...
1.9K
Principles of Classical Conditioning01:23

Principles of Classical Conditioning

3.5K
Classical conditioning, as described by Ivan Pavlov, is a foundational concept in associative learning, where a neutral stimulus becomes capable of eliciting a conditioned response through association with an unconditioned stimulus. The process of acquisition, where this learning occurs, and the subsequent phenomena of contiguity, contingency, generalization, discrimination, extinction, and spontaneous recovery are crucial for a comprehensive understanding of classical conditioning.
During the...
3.5K
Classical Conditioning01:18

Classical Conditioning

14.1K
Associative learning, a core principle in behavioral psychology, involves forming connections between events and facilitating learned responses. This concept is vividly illustrated by classical conditioning, a process extensively studied by the Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov. Pavlov's pioneering research on dogs' digestive systems led to the discovery that behaviors can be learned through association, laying the groundwork for classical conditioning.
Ivan Pavlov observed that dogs...
14.1K
Behaviorism01:28

Behaviorism

7.9K
The field of behaviorism was pioneered by figures such as Ivan Pavlov, John B. Watson, and B.F. Skinner fundamentally shifted the focus of psychology to the observable and controllable aspects of human and animal behavior. This shift marked a critical evolution in the discipline, emphasizing scientific rigor and experimental methodology.
The core premise of behaviorism is its focus on observable behavior rather than internal thoughts or feelings. This approach argues that true scientific...
7.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Estimation of neuronal tuning for word meaning from passively recorded naturalistic speech.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

A <i>number simplex</i> in the human medial temporal lobe.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Dopamine in the ventral and tail of striatum supports global and local evaluation in reward-threat conflict.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Polysemanticity in human hippocampal neurons.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Fast efficient coding and sensory adaptation in gain-adaptive recurrent networks.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Human-level learning of complex novel tasks as theory-based modelling, exploration and planning.

Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 4, 2026

Pavlovian Conditioned Approach Training in Rats
06:57

Pavlovian Conditioned Approach Training in Rats

Published on: February 4, 2016

11.6K

Phasic dopamine drives conditioned responding beyond its role in learning.

Jay A Hennig1,2,3,4, Mark Burrell4,5, Naoshige Uchida4,5

  • 1Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
|April 3, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dopamine signals reward prediction error (RPE) and influences learning. This study reveals dopamine also directly modulates conditioned responses, impacting behavior beyond just learning.

More Related Videos

A Procedure to Observe Context-induced Renewal of Pavlovian-conditioned Alcohol-seeking Behavior in Rats
13:24

A Procedure to Observe Context-induced Renewal of Pavlovian-conditioned Alcohol-seeking Behavior in Rats

Published on: September 19, 2014

13.4K
A Method for Remotely Silencing Neural Activity in Rodents During Discrete Phases of Learning
09:22

A Method for Remotely Silencing Neural Activity in Rodents During Discrete Phases of Learning

Published on: June 22, 2015

15.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 4, 2026

Pavlovian Conditioned Approach Training in Rats
06:57

Pavlovian Conditioned Approach Training in Rats

Published on: February 4, 2016

11.6K
A Procedure to Observe Context-induced Renewal of Pavlovian-conditioned Alcohol-seeking Behavior in Rats
13:24

A Procedure to Observe Context-induced Renewal of Pavlovian-conditioned Alcohol-seeking Behavior in Rats

Published on: September 19, 2014

13.4K
A Method for Remotely Silencing Neural Activity in Rodents During Discrete Phases of Learning
09:22

A Method for Remotely Silencing Neural Activity in Rodents During Discrete Phases of Learning

Published on: June 22, 2015

15.1K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Computational Neuroscience
  • Behavioral Neuroscience

Background:

  • Conditioned responses are learned associations between stimuli and rewards.
  • The Temporal Difference (TD) learning algorithm models value prediction using reward prediction error (RPE).
  • Midbrain dopamine neuron activity is hypothesized to signal RPE and mediate learning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of dopamine in conditioned responding.
  • To determine if dopamine influences conditioned responding directly or solely through learning.
  • To develop a computational model capturing dopamine's effects on behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of experimental data on animal behavior and dopamine signaling.
  • Development and testing of computational models of learning and behavior.
  • Probing the relationship between dopamine and conditioned responding.

Main Results:

  • Dopamine directly modulates conditioned responding.
  • Dopamine's influence extends beyond its role in learning.
  • A computational model incorporating direct and indirect effects of dopamine RPE explains the findings.

Conclusions:

  • Dopamine plays a dual role in conditioned behavior: influencing learning and directly modulating responses.
  • Existing models may underestimate dopamine's direct behavioral impact.
  • Future research should consider dopamine's direct effects on conditioned responding.