Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Explicit Memories01:27

Explicit Memories

548
Explicit memories, also known as declarative memories, are consciously remembered, recalled, and reported. Studying for a chemistry exam involves material that will become part of explicit memory. There are two types of explicit memory: episodic and semantic.
Episodic memory contains information about personally experienced events and is reported as a story. An example of episodic memory is recalling a birthday celebration. This type of memory includes the what, where, and when of an event, as...
548
Storage01:23

Storage

489
A schema is a mental framework that helps individuals organize and interpret information. Schemata, formed from previous experiences, influence how we process new information: how we encode it, the inferences we make, and how we retrieve it. For instance, a schema for what a typical classroom looks like might include desks, a teacher's desk, a whiteboard, and students in such an environment. This expectation helps us quickly understand and navigate new classrooms without needing to analyze...
489
Role of Hippocampus in Memory01:19

Role of Hippocampus in Memory

2.0K
The hippocampus, a critical brain structure, plays an essential role in memory processing, particularly in the formation and retrieval of memory. This small, seahorse-shaped region is located within the medial temporal lobe, with one hippocampus in each brain hemisphere. Experimental studies involving lesions in the hippocampi of rats have demonstrated significant impairments in tasks such as object recognition and maze navigation, indicating the hippocampus involvement in both recognition and...
2.0K
Long-Term Memory01:18

Long-Term Memory

865
Long-term memory is a relatively permanent type of memory, capable of storing vast amounts of information over extended periods. Its storage capacity is generally considered unlimited.
Long-term memory can be categorized into two primary types: explicit and implicit memory. Explicit memory, also known as declarative memory, involves the conscious recollection of information that we deliberately try to remember, recall, and articulate. This type of memory encompasses specific facts, events, and...
865
Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory01:26

Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory

2.3K
Memory is one of the most vital higher mental functions of the brain. Memory is closely related to learning because it enables us to retain information and experiences from our past to use them in our present life. It also helps us to remember facts, events, and skills, such as riding a bike or swimming. There are two types of memory — declarative memory, which involves memorizing facts or events, and procedural memory, which enables us to remember how to do something like writing or...
2.3K
Working Memory01:24

Working Memory

1.2K
Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
1.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Healthy aging, processing speed, and mnemonic brain state engagement.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Working memory demands modulate memory brain state engagement.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Repeated extrinsic rewards following retrieval practice facilitate later memory.

Psychonomic bulletin & review·2026
Same author

Evidence for a reactionary account of retrieval state initiation.

Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)·2025
Same author

Response-locked theta dissociations reveal potential feedback signal following successful retrieval.

Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)·2025
Same author

Mnemonic brain state engagement is diminished in healthy aging.

Neurobiology of aging·2025
Same journal

A human-specific genetic modifier reconfigures large-scale cortical network dynamics underlying behavioral performance.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same journal

<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> uses a eukaryotic-like uridyltransferase to make UDP-GlcNAc for cell wall synthesis.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same journal

Dynamic redistribution of eIF4F controls cap-dependent translation initiation.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same journal

When does additional information improve accuracy of RNA secondary structure prediction?

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same journal

Normative brain-state trajectories reveal deviation from healthy aging in Alzheimer's disease.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same journal

Noradrenergic infraslow rhythm during sleep is the critical link between heart-rate dynamics and memory consolidation.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 4, 2026

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotional Autobiographical Recollection
11:30

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotional Autobiographical Recollection

Published on: August 26, 2011

10.4K

A shared brain state for episodic and semantic retrieval.

Matthew B Bair, Nicole M Long

    Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
    |April 3, 2026
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    The retrieval state, crucial for memory recall, is engaged during both episodic and semantic memory tasks, not just episodic ones. This suggests it supports general internal attention for accessing stored information.

    More Related Videos

    Examining the Characteristics of Episodic Memory using Event-related Potentials in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease
    11:01

    Examining the Characteristics of Episodic Memory using Event-related Potentials in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease

    Published on: August 30, 2011

    14.2K
    Brain Imaging Investigation of the Memory-Enhancing Effect of Emotion
    15:57

    Brain Imaging Investigation of the Memory-Enhancing Effect of Emotion

    Published on: May 4, 2011

    17.3K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Apr 4, 2026

    Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotional Autobiographical Recollection
    11:30

    Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotional Autobiographical Recollection

    Published on: August 26, 2011

    10.4K
    Examining the Characteristics of Episodic Memory using Event-related Potentials in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease
    11:01

    Examining the Characteristics of Episodic Memory using Event-related Potentials in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease

    Published on: August 30, 2011

    14.2K
    Brain Imaging Investigation of the Memory-Enhancing Effect of Emotion
    15:57

    Brain Imaging Investigation of the Memory-Enhancing Effect of Emotion

    Published on: May 4, 2011

    17.3K

    Area of Science:

    • Cognitive Neuroscience
    • Neuroscience of Memory

    Background:

    • Brain states are large-scale neural activity patterns influencing behavior.
    • The retrieval state is traditionally linked to episodic memory recall.
    • An alternative hypothesis suggests the retrieval state supports general internal attention.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the cognitive processes underlying the retrieval state.
    • To determine if the retrieval state is specific to episodic memory or a broader attention mechanism.

    Main Methods:

    • Scalp electroencephalography (EEG) was used to record brain activity.
    • Participants performed episodic, semantic, and perceptual judgment tasks.
    • A validated mnemonic state classifier quantified retrieval state engagement.

    Main Results:

    • Retrieval state engagement was significantly higher for both episodic and semantic judgments compared to perceptual judgments.
    • This indicates the retrieval state is not exclusive to episodic memory.

    Conclusions:

    • The retrieval state reflects a domain-general internal attention process.
    • This internal attention mechanism supports accessing both episodic and semantic information.
    • Findings broaden the understanding of internally directed cognition.