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The Power of Open Health Data: Impact, Representation, and Knowledge Diffusion.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Open health data repositories demonstrate a consistent tenfold citation amplification, showcasing global research reach. However, persistent gender disparities in senior authorship highlight systemic inequities beyond data access policies.

Keywords:
bibliometricscitation analysishealth data repositoriesknowledge diffusionopen dataresearch equity

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Area of Science:

  • Bibliometrics and Health Data Science
  • Scholarly Impact Assessment
  • Research Community Analysis

Background:

  • Billions in public funding support open health data repositories.
  • No standardized framework exists to evaluate their scholarly impact, community composition, or disciplinary reach.
  • A novel two-degree citation methodology is introduced to assess knowledge diffusion from open data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the downstream scholarly impact of major open health data repositories.
  • To analyze the composition and diversity of research communities utilizing these repositories.
  • To evaluate knowledge diffusion normalized by repository funding.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the OpenAlex bibliometric database (Jan-Feb 2026) to identify first-degree (n=30,049) and second-degree (n=485,396) citing publications.
  • Analyzed four repositories: MIMIC, UK Biobank, OpenSAFELY, and All of Us, considering their funding and data types.
  • Extracted author demographics (gender, institutional country income) and research topics, using chi-square tests and odds ratios for comparisons.

Main Results:

  • Funding-normalized output varied significantly (689 to 1 paper/$1M), influenced by repository type (retrospective vs. prospective).
  • A consistent citation amplification ratio of 9.3-11.5× was observed across repositories.
  • Significant demographic differences were found: LMIC authorship ranged from 4.3% to 41.8%, and female authorship from 31.8% to 43.2%.

Conclusions:

  • Open health data generates substantial indirect citation impact (∼10× amplification).
  • Low-barrier access and community building foster diverse research communities, including LMIC investigators in leadership roles.
  • Persistent gender gaps in senior authorship indicate structural inequities not solely addressed by data access policies.