Decellularized Matrix Scaffold Functionalized with GRGDS Peptide and Nanohydroxyapatite for Alveolar Bone Defect...

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Regenerative Medicine
• Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Background:

• Periodontitis is a prevalent oral inflammatory disease causing significant alveolar bone loss and tooth detachment.
• Existing treatments for periodontitis-related bone defects often have limitations in efficacy, cost, or availability.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop and evaluate a novel osteogenic scaffold, G-nHA/SIS, for promoting alveolar bone regeneration.
• To investigate the synergistic effects of Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser (GRGDS) peptide and nanohydroxyapatite (nHA) on bone regeneration.

Main Methods:

• Fabrication of a 3D porous scaffold (G-nHA/SIS) from porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS), functionalized with GRGDS peptide and nHA.
• In vitro assessment of scaffold biocompatibility and effects on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) proliferation, adhesion, and osteogenic differentiation.
• In vivo evaluation of the G-nHA/SIS scaffold in a rat model of periodontitis with alveolar bone defects.

Main Results:

• The G-nHA/SIS scaffold demonstrated excellent biocompatibility and mechanical properties, mimicking natural extracellular matrix.
• Synergistic action of GRGDS and nHA significantly enhanced BMSC proliferation, adhesion, alkaline phosphatase activity, and osteogenic gene expression.
• In vivo studies showed the scaffold effectively promoted alveolar bone regeneration, comparable to commercial products but at lower cost.

Conclusions:

• The developed G-nHA/SIS scaffold is a promising biomaterial for enhancing alveolar bone regeneration.
• This scaffold offers a cost-effective and readily available solution with broad clinical potential for bone repair in periodontitis patients.