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Related Concept Videos

Phase Transitions01:21

Phase Transitions

70
A phase transition is the process in which a substance changes from one state of matter to another, like from a solid to a liquid, liquid to gas, or vice versa, at a specific temperature and under given pressure conditions. This change is spontaneous and is affected by alterations in temperature and pressure. These parameters impact the strength of the forces between molecules (intermolecular forces) in the substance.During a phase transition, both the initial and final phases of the substance...
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Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

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Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
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Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing02:39

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

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Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
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Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition02:33

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Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. At room temperature and standard pressure, a piece of dry ice (solid CO2) sublimes, appearing to gradually disappear without ever forming any liquid. Snow and ice sublimate at temperatures below the melting point of water, a slow process that may be accelerated by winds and the reduced atmospheric pressures at high altitudes. When solid iodine is warmed, the solid sublimes...
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Thermal Sigmatropic Reactions: Overview01:16

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Sigmatropic rearrangements are a class of pericyclic reactions in which a σ bond migrates from one part of a π system to another. These are intramolecular rearrangements where the total number of σ and π bonds remain unchanged.
Sigmatropic shifts are classified based on an order term [i, j ], where i and j indicate the number of atoms across which each end of the σ bond migrates. Below are examples of a [3,3] sigmatropic shift in 1,5-hexadiene, referred...
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Phase Diagram01:19

Phase Diagram

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The phase of a given substance depends on the pressure and temperature. Thus, plots of pressure versus temperature showing the phase in each region provide considerable insights into the thermal properties of substances. Such plots are known as phase diagrams. For instance, in the phase diagram for water (Figure 1), the solid curve boundaries between the phases indicate phase transitions (i.e., temperatures and pressures at which the phases coexist).
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Structurally Driven, Reversible Topological Phase Transition in a Distorted Square Net Material.

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Summary
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Researchers achieved a controllable topological phase transition in GdPS using potassium dosing. This structural manipulation in the subsurface P layer opens new avenues for exploring topological states in materials.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Quantum Phenomena

Background:

  • Topological materials offer potential for exotic quantum phenomena.
  • Controlling topological phase transitions in these materials is a significant challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate a structurally driven, reversible topological phase transition in GdPS.
  • To investigate the role of in-situ potassium dosing in inducing these transitions.

Main Methods:

  • Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES)
  • First-principles calculations
  • In-situ potassium dosing

Main Results:

  • A cascade of topological phases was observed in the subsurface P layer of GdPS.
  • Transitions occurred from a trivial band gap to a gapless Dirac cone state (2 eV dispersion), and to a 2D topological insulator.
  • Structural distortions in the P layer, induced by potassium adsorption, drove the band gap closure and phase transitions.

Conclusions:

  • Structural manipulation via potassium dosing enables control over topological phase transitions in GdPS.
  • This work provides a novel route for exploring and controlling topological states within bulk materials.