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Paternal healthy lifestyle and preterm birth among married Chinese couples planning to conceive: a population-based

Wenxue Xiong1, Xin Wang1, Chaonan Fan2

  • 1Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
|April 3, 2026
PubMed

Insights

A father's healthy lifestyle, including no smoking, no drinking, and a healthy body mass index, is linked to a reduced risk of preterm birth (PTB). Promoting paternal health can help prevent PTB cases.

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Health
  • Perinatal Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Maternal healthy lifestyles are known to reduce preterm birth (PTB) risk.
  • The impact of paternal healthy lifestyle on PTB risk remains under-investigated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the association between an overall paternal healthy lifestyle and the risk of PTB in offspring.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective cohort study of 810,475 couples in Guangdong Province, China.
  • Paternal healthy lifestyle defined by no smoking, no drinking, and healthy BMI (18.5-23.9 kg/m²).
  • Modified Poisson regression with inverse probability of treatment weighting was used to estimate risk ratios.

Main Results:

  • A paternal healthy lifestyle was independently associated with a lower risk of PTB (RR 0.90 for score 3 vs 0, Ptrend < 0.001).
  • The association was significant for lifestyle factors assessed >90 days before pregnancy.
  • An estimated 2.37% of PTB cases could be prevented by shifting paternal lifestyle factors.

Conclusions:

  • Paternal healthy lifestyle is independently linked to reduced PTB risk.
  • Incorporating male lifestyle modifications is crucial for improving pregnancy outcomes.
  • Public health initiatives should consider paternal health for better perinatal health.
Abstract

Keywords:
paternal BMIpaternal drinkingpaternal healthy lifestylepaternal smokingpreconception carepreterm birth

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