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Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...
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Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

4.0K
Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
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Heterogeneous Catalysis01:22

Heterogeneous Catalysis

111
Heterogeneous catalysis involves a catalyst in a different phase from the reactants. It is a process where the catalyst and the reactants are in distinct phases, typically solid and gas or liquid.Most heterogeneous catalysts are metals, metal oxides, or acids. The list includes transition metals like iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), tungsten (W), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu). These metals possess partially vacant d orbitals that...
111
Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

32.4K
The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
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Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:24

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.
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Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation01:28

Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Unlike the easy catalytic hydrogenation of an alkene double bond, hydrogenation of a benzene double bond under similar reaction conditions does not take place easily. For example, in the reduction of stilbene, the benzene ring remains unaffected while the alkene bond gets reduced. Hydrogenation of an alkene double bond is exothermic and a favorable process. In contrast, to hydrogenate the first unsaturated bond of benzene, an energy input is needed; that is, the process is endothermic. This is...
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Synthesis and Testing of Supported Pt-Cu Solid Solution Nanoparticle Catalysts for Propane Dehydrogenation
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Entropy-Driven Design Principle of High-Performance Pt-Based Propane Dehydrogenation Catalysts.

Shu Zhen Zhou1, Huan Yang2, An Hui Lu2

  • 1College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Shihezi University, Shihezi, P. R. China.

Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|April 4, 2026
PubMed
Summary

High-entropy materials offer a new generation of catalysts for propane dehydrogenation, overcoming issues like sintering and coke deposition that deactivate traditional platinum catalysts. These materials exhibit self-regenerative capabilities for enhanced stability and efficiency in industrial applications.

Keywords:
anti−sinteringhigh entropy materialspropylene dehydrogenationself−regeneration

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Area of Science:

  • Catalysis Science and Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Propane dehydrogenation is crucial for propylene production, but conventional platinum (Pt)-based catalysts deactivate rapidly due to sintering and coke deposition at high temperatures.
  • Developing stable and efficient catalysts is essential for industrial propane dehydrogenation processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the design principles, properties, and potential of high-entropy materials (HEMs) as advanced catalysts for propane dehydrogenation.
  • To elucidate how HEMs address the deactivation challenges of traditional Pt catalysts through their unique characteristics.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic elaboration on the four core effects of HEMs in stabilizing Pt active sites.
  • In-depth analysis of the self-regenerative capability via reversible phase transformation in HEMs.
  • Review of challenges in HEM compositional design, active site regulation, synthesis, and mechanistic understanding.

Main Results:

  • HEMs effectively stabilize Pt active sites, mitigating both sintering and coke deposition.
  • The reversible phase transformation in HEMs enables a self-regenerative mechanism, preventing sintering during oxidative regeneration.
  • HEMs represent a paradigm shift in catalyst design for high-temperature applications.

Conclusions:

  • High-entropy materials offer a promising strategy for developing highly efficient, stable, and regenerable catalysts for propane dehydrogenation.
  • This approach provides theoretical guidance and innovative insights for next-generation industrial catalysts.