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Realizing Landau levels with open equifrequency contours around band singularities
Cuicui Lu1,2, Oubo You3, Yanji Zheng4
1Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurements of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Chips and Systems for Advanced Light Field Display, Beijing Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, Center for Interdisciplinary Science of Optical Quantum and NEMS Integration, School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China. cuicuilu@bit.edu.cn.
Abstract:
Charged particles in a magnetic field undergo circular motion and result in quantized energy levels known as Landau levels (LLs). LLs around band singularites are particularly interesting due to their nontrivial topological properties. To date, through the introduction of the artificial magnetic field, LLs have been observed in systems only with closed equifrequency contours (EFCs) around band singularities, i.e. type-I Dirac or Weyl systems. Here, we demonstrate the existence of LLs with open EFCs around band singularities through combined action of artificial electric (E) and magnetic (B) fields, whereas they cannot be generated by B only. We construct an artificial platform of inhomogeneous metasurfaces of the two-dimensional type-II Dirac system with open EFCs, create suitable artificial gauge fields of E&B, and observe the emergence of E&B-induced LLs experimentally. This work presents a new insight for realizing LLs, and provides a platform for controlling optical waves propagating using artificial gauge fields.
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