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Positron Emission Tomography01:29

Positron Emission Tomography

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Positron emission tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique involving radiopharmaceuticals — substances that emit short-lived radiation. Although the first PET scanner was introduced in 1961, it took 15 more years before radiopharmaceuticals were combined with the technique and revolutionized its potential.
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Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique that provides crucial insights into the body's physiological functions at a molecular level. It is an indispensable resource for diagnosing, staging, and monitoring various illnesses, notably cancer, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular conditions.
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Isotopes and Radioisotopes01:28

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In the early 1900s, English chemist Frederick Soddy realized that an element could have atoms with different masses that were chemically indistinguishable. These different types are called isotopes — atoms of the same element that differ in mass. Isotopes differ in mass because they have different numbers of neutrons but are chemically identical because they have the same number of protons. Soddy was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1921 for this discovery.
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Radiological Investigation III: Pulmonary Angiogram and PET Scan01:13

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Radiological investigations are paramount in the diagnosis and management of various pulmonary diseases. Two essential investigations are the Pulmonary Angiogram and the Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan.
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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 7, 2026

Radiosynthesis, Quality Control, and Small Animal Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of 68Ga-Labelled Nano Molecules
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Radiopharmaceutical Therapy in Oncology: Perspectives from Transatlantic Experts.

Désirée Deandreis1,2, Heather Jacene3, Patrick Therasse4

  • 1Gustave Roussy, 114 Rue Édouard-Vaillant, Villejuif Cedex, 94805, Paris, France.

Oncology and Therapy
|April 5, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Radiopharmaceutical therapy (RPT) offers targeted cancer treatment by combining radioactive elements with targeting vectors. Advances in RPT, particularly targeting prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), are improving patient selection and treatment personalization in oncology.

Keywords:
Alpha emitterBeta emitterImagingOncologyRadiolabelled molecular therapyRadiopharmaceutical therapyTargeted therapyTheranostic

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Nuclear Medicine
  • Molecular Imaging

Background:

  • Radiopharmaceutical therapy (RPT) is a promising oncology innovation using radioactive elements with targeting vectors.
  • Theranostic approaches pair diagnostic and therapeutic RPTs for targeted radiation delivery to cancer cells.
  • Understanding cell-surface target biology is crucial for RPT development and clinical application.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the latest advances in targeted RPT applications in oncology.
  • To discuss challenges and future potential of theranostic approaches.
  • To explore the impact of RPT on healthcare systems and strategies for broader access.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent advancements presented at the Fourth Transatlantic Exchange in Oncology.
  • Focus on prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) targeting for prostate cancer imaging and therapy.
  • Discussion of molecular targeting mechanisms and ionizing radiation types.

Main Results:

  • PSMA-based imaging (PET/SPECT) is essential for patient selection and treatment personalization in prostate cancer.
  • Theranostic approaches show potential for improved treatment selection, response prediction, and toxicity management.
  • Lessons from PSMA targeting may extend to other cancers and theranostic targets.

Conclusions:

  • Targeted RPT, especially PSMA-based theranostics, is revolutionizing oncology care.
  • Further research and new molecules will optimize RPT efficacy and application.
  • Addressing healthcare system impacts is key to expanding RPT access and innovation.