Mechanistic Studies on DNA Damage via Independent Generation of Purine Reactive Intermediates

DNA oxidation is a collection of complex processes resulting from myriad reactive intermediates. That DNA is a heterogeneous polymer and is noncovalently bound to octameric protein complexes in the nuclei of mammalian cells, presents additional challenges when carrying out mechanistic studies. Experiments on nucleosides and oligonucleotides that employ photochemical precursors to reactive intermediates have provided valuable mechanistic insight into these biologically important chemical reactions. Experiments with these molecules have facilitated resolving mechanistic questions and uncovered new chemical pathways. In this review, studies in which independently generated purine nucleobase radicals are employed are summarized.