Exploring the acceptability and feasibility of implementing VR relaxation in naturalistic settings

Stress increased markedly in recent years, highlighting the need for effective and accessible relaxation strategies. Virtual Reality (VR) has emerged as a promising intervention. While most prior VR studies were conducted under controlled conditions, the present study explored the acceptability and feasibility of VR as a relaxation tool in naturalistic settings. Additionally, it explored the effects on the perceived level of relaxation and mood, and whether heart rate (HR) data obtained from consumer-grade wearables correlated with changes in psychological state. The study involved 160 participants, including healthcare and research professionals, patients, and attendants in healthcare organizations. VR relaxation was tested using both smartphone-based and standalone VR applications in clinical and non-clinical studies. Changes in mood and relaxation were explored using validated instruments, while acceptability and feasibility were assessed through open-ended questions. Qualitative feedback was predominantly positive, with participants willing to reuse and recommend the VR application. VR relaxation was perceived as an effective means of environmental escape, offering immersive natural settings complemented by guided exercises, ambient sounds, and voice instructions. Wearable devices generally recorded HR reductions during VR sessions; however, these exploratory physiological changes did not significantly correlate with subjective relaxation levels. Participants reported increased relaxation (VAS scores), reduced muscle tension, fewer cardiovascular symptoms of stress (slower breathing and HR), and greater overall physical calmness. Regarding mood, most participants experienced fewer negative emotions (e.g., anxiety, guilt, sadness) following VR exposure, although positive affect (e.g., enthusiasm, confidence) remained unchanged according to PANAS. POMS scores indicated reductions in tension after VR sessions.