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What is civic participation in artificial intelligence?
Renée Sieber1, Ana Brandusescu1, Suthee Sangiambut1
1McGill University, Canada.
Environment and Planning. B, Urban Analytics and City Science
|April 6, 2026
Summary
Public participation in artificial intelligence (AI) decision-making is vital for democracy but faces challenges. This study reveals varied participation pathways, emphasizing the need to address power dynamics for truly meaningful engagement in AI governance.
Area of Science:
- Multi-disciplinary analysis of artificial intelligence (AI) and civic participation.
- Integrates smart cities, public policy, communication, and computer science literature.
Background:
- Growing demand for public involvement in AI decision-making, especially in government.
- AI's complexity (opacity, mutability, resource needs) hinders civic engagement, particularly in urban settings.
- Existing reviews often focus narrowly on smart city literature, neglecting other influential disciplines.
Purpose of the Study:
- To conduct a multi-disciplinary analysis of civic participation in AI.
- To identify and categorize distinct pathways for public engagement with AI.
- To inform future strategies for meaningful AI governance and democratic participation.
Main Methods:
- Structured literature analysis of over 3,000 articles using manual and automated steps.
- Categorization of AI participation literature into five key themes.
- Multi-disciplinary approach blending smart city, public policy, communication, and computer science.
Main Results:
- Identified five themes of AI participation: byproduct of automation, AI-mediated, quantification, technocracy of trust, and meaningful participation.
- Most authors did not challenge the status quo or expert authority.
- Focus was on process rather than influence, with AI aiding process orientation.
Conclusions:
- Meaningful public participation in AI requires addressing neoliberal intentions and power differentials.
- Current approaches often maintain existing power structures and expert dominance.
- Future AI governance must actively foster genuine, equitable public engagement.
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