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Related Concept Videos

In Vitro Fertilization01:24

In Vitro Fertilization

In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a form of assisted reproductive technology where an egg is fertilized with sperm in a controlled laboratory environment before transferring the resulting embryo into the uterus. This process is designed to help individuals and couples experiencing difficulties conceiving.
The IVF process begins with ovarian stimulation, during which reproductive endocrinologists prescribe hormonal medications to stimulate the ovaries to produce multiple eggs instead of the single...
Infertility in Males01:23

Infertility in Males

Male infertility affects millions of couples worldwide, arising from various factors that impact different stages of the reproductive process. An endocrine imbalance resulting from conditions like hypogonadism, Klinefelter syndrome, or pituitary disorders can disrupt hormone levels and reduce sperm production. Testicular defects, such as tumors, cryptorchidism, atrophic testes, abnormal sperm morphology, and low sperm count or motility, may arise due to genetic factors, structural...

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Indications for Micro-Injection of Sperm in Assisted Reproduction: A Consensus Statement.

Clare Boothroyd1, Alison Gee2, Roger Hart3,4

  • 1Care Fertility, Greenslopes Private Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.

The Australian & New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
|April 6, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is effective for infertility cases with poor semen quality or previous fertilization failure. However, its necessity in unexplained infertility with normal parameters or advanced female age requires further investigation.

Keywords:
fertilisationinfertilityintracytoplasmicpregnancysemen analysissperm injection

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility
  • Assisted Reproductive Technologies

Background:

  • Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) use has globally increased since 1992.
  • A recent decline in ICSI utilization is noted in Australia and New Zealand since 2016.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evidence supporting the clinical application of ICSI.
  • To clarify indications and limitations for ICSI use in various infertility scenarios.

Main Methods:

  • Consensus statement development by a reproductive endocrinology and infertility subspecialty group.
  • Comprehensive review of existing scientific literature on ICSI efficacy and outcomes.

Main Results:

  • ICSI is indicated for reduced semen quality or high risk of fertilization failure.
  • Previous IVF cycles with failed or poor fertilization are appropriate indications for ICSI.
  • Evidence for ICSI use in oocyte cryopreservation, IVM, PGT, and HIV discordant couples is currently lacking.

Conclusions:

  • ICSI is not routinely necessary for unexplained infertility with normal semen parameters or advanced female age.
  • Further research is needed to establish the role of ICSI in specific assisted reproductive technology procedures.
  • The precise seminal parameters predicting optimal ICSI use remain uncertain.