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Adrenal Remodeling and Dysfunction Parallel Age-Dependent Hypertension in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats.

Gaomin He1,2,3, Tao Luo1,2,3, Anping Zeng1,2,3

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Department of Clinical Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College Chengdu Sichuan China.

Journal of the American Heart Association
|April 7, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Adrenal gland overactivity and structural changes occur before hypertension develops in rats, suggesting the adrenal gland is an early factor in essential hypertension and a potential therapeutic target.

Keywords:
adrenal glandagingmitochondriaoxidative stressspontaneously hypertensive rat

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Hypertension Research

Background:

  • The adrenal gland regulates blood pressure via corticosteroids and catecholamines.
  • Its role in essential hypertension is not fully understood.
  • This study investigates adrenal changes in relation to hypertension development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if structural and functional adrenal alterations precede or coincide with hypertension.
  • To establish the temporal link between adrenal remodeling and elevated blood pressure.

Main Methods:

  • Examined adrenal morphology, hormone secretion, enzyme expression, ultrastructure, and mitochondrial function.
  • Studied spontaneously hypertensive rats and Wistar-Kyoto controls from 4 to 24 weeks.
  • Assessed hormonal levels, cell proliferation, enzyme activity, and oxidative stress markers.

Main Results:

  • Elevated adrenal hormones (aldosterone, corticosterone, catecholamines) and zona glomerulosa thickening were observed at 4 weeks, preceding hypertension onset at 8 weeks.
  • Upregulation of steroidogenic and catecholaminergic enzymes, alongside ultrastructural damage and impaired mitochondrial function, was noted.
  • Increased oxidative stress markers indicated functional decline in adrenal glands of hypertensive rats.

Conclusions:

  • Adrenal hyperfunction and remodeling precede and contribute to hypertension development and progression.
  • The adrenal gland acts as an early modulator in essential hypertension.
  • The adrenal gland represents a potential therapeutic target for hypertension.