Biolipid Film-Fused Electrochemiluminescence for Multipurpose In Situ Bioassays

Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) is intrinsically a surface-state-sensitive strategy, yet its seamless synergy with soft biomembranes remains sparsely explored. Herein, a biolipid-bound, membrane-interactive scaffold is built upon an ECL-emissive artificial nanochannel and smoothly blended into supported phospholipid bilayers containing cholesterol and diversified natural or synthetic lipids. Such bilayer-bridged assemblies preserve efficient emission while permitting dynamic membrane remodeling. The resulting biointerface enables label-free profiling of cytomembrane-active species, including divalent cations, amphiphilic pharmaceuticals, and pore-forming peptides, through real-time isotherm and kinetic analysis. By further integrating phospholipid-pendant recognition motifs, femtomolar detection of Alzheimer's disease biomarkers (β-amyloid polypeptide and tau protein) is achieved. Moreover, vesicle-mediated membrane merging embeds ECL emitters into living-cell plasmalemma, affording surface-confined single-cell visualization using endogenous oxygen as the coreactant. Collectively, this biointerface-compatible ECL paradigm enables multiplexed monitoring of molecular, membranous, and cellular processes via membrane-structural modulation.