[Expert consensus on the use of interleukin-1 inhibitors for autoimmune inflammatory diseases (2026 edition)​]

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) plays a core role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune inflammatory diseases (AIID). Blocking the inflammatory cascade driven by IL-1 has become a critical strategy for the treatment of various AIID. Since IL-1 inhibitors were approved on the market in China on October 2023, they have attracted great attention in clinical practice and have been increasingly used in clinical settings. In order to reduce the clinical uncertainties and potential risks that may be brought about by off-label drug use, the Rheumatology and Immunology Professional Committee of the China Primary Health Care Foundation organized experts from multiple disciplines to focus on 12 clinical issues regarding the treatment of AIID with IL-1 inhibitors. Based on the latest evidence-based medical evidence and China's national conditions, fourteen recommendations on crystal-induced arthropathies, autoinflammatory syndrome and periodic fever syndrome have been formulated, aiming to standardize the clinical application and pharmaceutical management of IL-1 inhibitors in China.