[Research progress on intercellular junctions in corneal endothelial cells and their clinical significance]

Corneal endothelial intercellular junctions predominantly consist of gap junctions, followed by tight junctions and adhesive junctions. Collectively, these junctions establish a mechanical barrier between corneal endothelial cells and facilitate the maintenance of the cornea's natural dehydration, thereby preserving corneal transparency. While previous studies and reviews have elucidated the correlation between corneal endothelial decompensation and the corneal endothelial cell density, there is a paucity of reviews that specifically address the role of corneal endothelial intercellular junctions and their influence on endothelial function. This review aims to delineate the various types of corneal endothelial intercellular junctions, their respective functions, and their clinical significance. It is important to note that the condition of intercellular junctions significantly impacts a range of biological processes, including corneal endothelial growth and development, healing following injury, and barrier function, and is closely associated with numerous clinical diseases. Investigations centered on intercellular junctions may facilitate a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying corneal endothelial diseases and are anticipated to yield novel insights for the treatment of such conditions.