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Surface-Modified Electrospun Polyurethane Tubular Scaffold for Engineering Renal Proximal Tubule Constructs.

Anjali Sudha1, Amrita Natarajan1, Kyra A Ramirez1

  • 1Department of Biomedical and Mechanical Engineering, Alabama State University, Montgomery, Alabama, USA.

Journal of Biomedical Materials Research. Part A
|April 8, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Developing better in vitro models for kidney proximal tubules (PT) is crucial. Surface-modified electrospun polyurethane (PU) tubular scaffolds significantly enhance renal PT epithelial cell (RPTEC) adhesion, phenotype, and function, advancing kidney research.

Keywords:
collagen coatingelectrospun polyurethaneplasma treatmentrenal proximal tubulesurface modification

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Renal Physiology

Background:

  • The renal proximal tubule (PT) is vital for kidney function and prone to injury.
  • Existing in vitro models lack the microenvironment and functional fidelity of native PTs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To fabricate and surface-modify electrospun polyurethane (PU) tubular scaffolds for enhanced renal PT epithelial cell (RPTEC) compatibility and function.
  • To create a more physiologically relevant in vitro model of the renal proximal tubule.

Main Methods:

  • Electrospun PU tubular scaffolds were surface-modified using tetraethoxy silane (TEOS) plasma deposition (PU-P) and Type I collagen coating (PU-C).
  • Surface properties (hydrophilicity, roughness, protein adsorption) were characterized.
  • RPTEC cytocompatibility, adhesion, morphology, and phenotype (marker expression) were assessed.
  • Functional activity was evaluated via alkaline phosphatase activity.

Main Results:

  • Surface modifications significantly increased hydrophilicity and protein adsorption.
  • RPTECs showed enhanced adhesion, spreading, and cytoskeletal organization on modified scaffolds compared to unmodified ones.
  • Modified scaffolds preserved PT cell phenotype, indicated by robust Aquaporin 1 and Collagen IV expression.
  • Alkaline phosphatase activity, a marker of brush border function, increased threefold on modified scaffolds over 14 days.

Conclusions:

  • Surface modification of electrospun PU tubular scaffolds markedly improves RPTEC adhesion, phenotype maintenance, and functional activity.
  • These enhanced scaffolds offer a promising platform for developing physiologically relevant in vitro renal proximal tubule models.
  • This advancement supports research in kidney physiology, injury, and disease modeling.