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Surgical Case Logging-Orthopaedic Application: A Narrative Review of Methods, Evolution, and Future Direction
Ala Alshomali1, Mark Ehioghae2, Sean Bae1
1Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia.
JB & JS Open Access
|April 8, 2026
Summary
Surgical case logs need improvement, moving beyond volume to assess true competency. Future methods integrating AI and analytics will offer more accurate, competency-based evaluations for surgical readiness.
Area of Science:
- Medical Education
- Surgical Training
- Health Informatics
Background:
- Surgical case logs are essential for training but currently flawed, prioritizing case volume over demonstrated competency.
- Inconsistent data entry and a lack of standardization hinder the use of logs for accurate competency assessment.
- Current metrics, like case volume alone, do not sufficiently reflect a surgeon's skill or autonomy.
Purpose of the Study:
- To highlight the limitations of current surgical case logging practices.
- To explore the potential of emerging technologies in improving surgical education and assessment.
- To advocate for a shift towards competency-based surgical training evaluation.
Main Methods:
- Review of current surgical case logging standards and their deficiencies.
- Analysis of existing literature on surgical competency assessment.
- Exploration of advancements in Artificial Intelligence (AI), Electronic Health Records (EHR), and intraoperative analytics.
Main Results:
- Current case logging emphasizes volume, failing to capture essential aspects of surgical skill and autonomy.
- Standardization issues across training programs limit the comparability and educational value of logs.
- Emerging technologies offer pathways to more accurate, efficient, and educationally robust logging systems.
Conclusions:
- The future of surgical training assessment lies in competency-based models.
- Integrating procedural data with measures of autonomy, complexity, and patient outcomes is crucial.
- A competency-based approach will better prepare trainees for independent surgical practice.
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