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Related Concept Videos

Antihypertensive Drugs: Potassium-Sparing Diuretics01:28

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Mania, a psychological condition characterized by elevated mood, increased energy, and reduced sleep need, is part of the bipolar disorder cycle. The exact cause of mania isn't entirely known, but it is thought to be a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurological factors. Bipolar disorder involves alternating manic and depressive episodes. Mood stabilizers like lithium, antipsychotics, and anticonvulsants help manage these episodes. Lithium carbonate is particularly effective as...
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The renal tubule is divided into three parts: the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), the Loop of Henle (LOH), and the distal convoluted tubule (DCT).
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 9, 2026

5/6th Nephrectomy in Combination with High Salt Diet and Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibition to Induce Chronic Kidney Disease in the Lewis Rat
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Reversible Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus Induced by Lithium: A Case Report.

Sevil Uygun İlikhan1, Gülin Dilken1, Gökhan Hazıroğlu1

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.

Case Reports in Nephrology
|April 8, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Lithium therapy can cause nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI), impairing kidney function. This case shows NDI can be managed by discontinuing lithium and using thiazides, allowing urinary concentrating ability to recover.

Keywords:
hypernatremialithiumnephrogenic diabetes insipidusrenal function teststhiazides

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Endocrinology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Lithium is a crucial mood stabilizer.
  • Long-term lithium use can lead to nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) by affecting the kidneys' response to arginine vasopressin (AVP).
  • NDI is characterized by impaired urinary concentrating ability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a case of lithium-induced NDI.
  • To highlight the diagnostic and management strategies for NDI in a patient on long-term lithium therapy.
  • To demonstrate the potential for recovery of renal function after lithium discontinuation.

Main Methods:

  • A case report of a 52-year-old woman with symptoms of NDI.
  • Clinical evaluation including serum electrolytes, osmolality, urine output, and lithium levels.
  • Management involved fluid replacement, electrolyte correction, lithium discontinuation, and thiazide therapy.

Main Results:

  • The patient presented with hypernatremia, polyuria, and low urine osmolality.
  • Renal function was preserved despite high lithium levels.
  • Discontinuation of lithium and initiation of thiazides led to normalization of serum sodium, reduced urine output, and full mental recovery within 72 hours.

Conclusions:

  • Lithium-induced NDI is a reversible condition.
  • Prompt diagnosis and management, including lithium cessation and thiazide treatment, can restore kidney concentrating ability.
  • This case underscores the importance of recognizing and treating NDI to prevent long-term complications.