Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

21.2K
Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
21.2K
Regioselectivity of Electrophilic Additions-Peroxide Effect02:35

Regioselectivity of Electrophilic Additions-Peroxide Effect

11.8K
In the presence of organic peroxides, the addition of hydrogen bromide to an alkene yields the isomer that is not predicted by Markovnikov’s rule. For example, the addition of hydrogen bromide to 2-methylpropene in the presence of peroxides gives 1-bromo-2-methylpropane. This addition reaction proceeds via a free radical mechanism, which reverses the regioselectivity. The free radical reaction mechanism involves three stages: initiation, propagation, and termination.
11.8K
Alkyl Halides02:45

Alkyl Halides

22.5K
Structural Properties
Alkyl halides are halogen-substituted alkanes wherein one or more hydrogen atoms of an alkane is replaced by a halogen atom such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine. The carbon atom in an alkyl halide is bonded to the halogen atom, which is sp3-hybridized and exhibits a tetrahedral shape.
Unlike alkyl halides, compounds in which a halogen atom is bonded to an sp2 -hybridized carbon atom of a carbon-carbon double bond (C=C) are called vinyl halides. Whereas aryl...
22.5K
Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals I03:24

Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals I

69.5K
The mathematical expression known as the wave function, ψ, contains information about each orbital and the wavelike properties of electrons in an isolated atom. When atoms are bound together in a molecule, the wave functions combine to produce new mathematical descriptions that have different shapes. This process of combining the wave functions for atomic orbitals is called hybridization and is mathematically accomplished by the linear combination of atomic orbitals. The new orbitals that...
69.5K
Molecular Orbital Theory II03:51

Molecular Orbital Theory II

28.5K
Molecular Orbital Energy Diagrams
28.5K
Halogenation of Alkenes02:46

Halogenation of Alkenes

21.3K
Halogenation is the addition of chlorine or bromine across the double bond in an alkene to yield a vicinal dihalide. The reaction occurs in the presence of inert and non-nucleophilic solvents, such as methylene chloride, chloroform, or carbon tetrachloride.
Consider the bromination of cyclopentene. Molecular bromine is polarized in the proximity of the π electrons of cyclopentene. An electrophilic bromine atom adds across the double bond, forming a cyclic bromonium ion intermediate.
21.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Tracking the Early Hydration Reaction of Cementitious Calcium Silicate Hydrate via DNP-Enhanced Solid-State NMR.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Cesium Substitution Disrupts Concerted Cation Dynamics in Formamidinium Hybrid Perovskites.

Chemistry of materials : a publication of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

In Situ Light-Induced Degradation of Hybrid Perovskites by NMR Spectroscopy.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Rapid Assignment of Chemical Shifts From Crystal Structures in Solid-State NMR.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same author

Surface-Only Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy by Dynamic Nuclear Polarization and <sup>2</sup>H-Dephasing.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Kinetic photocycle description of photochemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization for dye-sensitized solid-state NMR spectroscopy.

The Journal of chemical physics·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 9, 2026

Low Pressure Vapor-assisted Solution Process for Tunable Band Gap Pinhole-free Methylammonium Lead Halide Perovskite Films
08:12

Low Pressure Vapor-assisted Solution Process for Tunable Band Gap Pinhole-free Methylammonium Lead Halide Perovskite Films

Published on: September 8, 2017

10.2K

Halide Mixing Determines the Organic Structure in 2D Layered Perovskites.

Ummugulsum Gunes1, Manuel Cordova1, Tristan Georges1

  • 1Institut des Sciences et Ingenierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fedérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters
|April 8, 2026
PubMed
Summary

We determined the atomic structure of phenylethylammonium (PEA+) cations in layered perovskite solar cells. This reveals how cation arrangement impacts stability and optoelectronic properties in mixed halide perovskites.

More Related Videos

Facile Synthesis of Colloidal Lead Halide Perovskite Nanoplatelets via Ligand-Assisted Reprecipitation
04:14

Facile Synthesis of Colloidal Lead Halide Perovskite Nanoplatelets via Ligand-Assisted Reprecipitation

Published on: October 1, 2019

13.8K
Influence of Hybrid Perovskite Fabrication Methods on Film Formation, Electronic Structure, and Solar Cell Performance
11:38

Influence of Hybrid Perovskite Fabrication Methods on Film Formation, Electronic Structure, and Solar Cell Performance

Published on: February 27, 2017

19.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 9, 2026

Low Pressure Vapor-assisted Solution Process for Tunable Band Gap Pinhole-free Methylammonium Lead Halide Perovskite Films
08:12

Low Pressure Vapor-assisted Solution Process for Tunable Band Gap Pinhole-free Methylammonium Lead Halide Perovskite Films

Published on: September 8, 2017

10.2K
Facile Synthesis of Colloidal Lead Halide Perovskite Nanoplatelets via Ligand-Assisted Reprecipitation
04:14

Facile Synthesis of Colloidal Lead Halide Perovskite Nanoplatelets via Ligand-Assisted Reprecipitation

Published on: October 1, 2019

13.8K
Influence of Hybrid Perovskite Fabrication Methods on Film Formation, Electronic Structure, and Solar Cell Performance
11:38

Influence of Hybrid Perovskite Fabrication Methods on Film Formation, Electronic Structure, and Solar Cell Performance

Published on: February 27, 2017

19.2K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid-State Chemistry
  • Renewable Energy

Background:

  • Layered 2D perovskites enhance lead halide perovskite solar cell stability.
  • Organic spacer cation packing is crucial for layered perovskite stability and crystallinity.
  • Determining organic cation structure in mixed-halide materials is challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the atomic-level structure of phenylethylammonium (PEA+) spacer cations.
  • To investigate PEA+ cation arrangement in mixed iodide-bromide layered perovskites.
  • To understand the implications of cation arrangement on perovskite properties.

Main Methods:

  • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, specifically 1H-13C correlation experiments.
  • High magnetic field (21.1 T) and fast magic-angle spinning (100 kHz).
  • Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations for chemical shift validation.

Main Results:

  • Mixed-halide perovskites with ≥25% bromide adopt an alternating PEA+ cation arrangement (bromide-like).
  • Perovskites with 10% bromide show a nonalternating PEA+ cation arrangement (iodide-like).
  • Cation arrangement significantly impacts the inorganic lattice and optoelectronic properties.

Conclusions:

  • Atomic-level structure of PEA+ cations in mixed-halide layered perovskites is elucidated.
  • The study provides insights into structure-property relationships in perovskite solar cells.
  • Findings contribute to designing more stable and efficient perovskite solar cells.