Bacterial bioactive groups for the improved and stable functionality of nanoparticles for biomedical application

Across the world, metal nanoparticles (NPs) have received immense attention due to their vast array of applications in the biomedical field. This developing branch of nanotechnology, where the particles expand in nano size, is evolving for the pharmaceutical field in a more responsive manner. In recent years, green synthesis/nanotechnology has developed as a watchword for the fabrication and synthesis of metal NPs. In the present article, the perspective and progress achieved in recent years on the role of bacterial bioactive functional molecules during biosynthesis have been discussed. The cascades for NPs synthesis, manipulation of the number of biological metabolites as the reducing and stabilizing agents, like enzymes, proteins, redox mediators, and exopolysaccharides, have been presented. Therefore, the article elucidates the involvement of microbial metabolites to harmonize the biosynthetic NPs and the possible mechanism leading to biosynthesis of commonly studied and utilized metal NPs like silver, gold, zinc, copper, magnetite, palladium, etc., and their immense potential in biomedical applications.