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Cell wall signaling across spatial and temporal scales.

Rowan K Brookman1, Heather E McFarlane1

  • 1Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto;  25 Harbord Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G5, Canada.

Journal of Experimental Botany
|April 8, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Plants sense and respond to their cell walls through cell wall signaling (CWS). This process regulates growth and development by balancing cell wall strength and extensibility.

Keywords:
Plant cell wallsabiotic stressbiotic stresscell wall integrity (CWI)cell wall signaling (CWS)damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs)pattern-triggered immunity (PTI)

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Plants possess sophisticated mechanisms to monitor cell wall status.
  • Cell wall integrity is crucial for plant growth, development, and stress response.
  • Cell wall signaling (CWS) integrates external cues with internal cellular responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms of cell wall signaling (CWS) in Arabidopsis.
  • To explore the spatial and temporal scales of CWS and cellular responses.
  • To discuss the crosstalk between CWS and hormone signaling pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of CWS mechanisms and responses in plants.
  • Analysis of molecular, cellular, and whole-plant level responses to CWS.
  • Examination of signaling transduction pathways and their timelines.

Main Results:

  • CWS involves monitoring cell wall status and triggering responses like regulating cell expansion and synthesis.
  • CWS can be initiated by cell wall damage, biotic/abiotic stresses, and interacts with hormone signaling.
  • Responses to CWS occur across multiple scales, from molecular interactions to whole-plant development, with varying timelines.

Conclusions:

  • CWS is a dynamic process essential for maintaining cell wall homeostasis and adapting to environmental changes.
  • Understanding CWS provides insights into plant growth regulation, stress tolerance, and development.
  • Arabidopsis serves as a model system to elucidate conserved CWS mechanisms in plants.