From maternal metabolism to offspring brain: how high-fructose diets shape neurodevelopment

Many women of childbearing age regularly consume fructose-rich processed foods, which can disrupt metabolism and trigger a low-grade systemic inflammatory state often overlooked in prenatal check-ups. In this review, we synthesize evidence from studies in animal models and humans, highlighting the critical role of maternal metabolism in fetal brain development. An adverse intrauterine environment can impair neurodevelopment, affecting cognition, social behavior, and emotional regulation, increasing the risk of conditions such as anxiety and depression. We emphasize the urgent need to implement educational programs and public health policies that raise awareness of these risks and promote dietary changes during preconception to reduce excessive fructose intake and prevent neurodevelopmental disorders.